| 영문 | system | 한글 | 계, 계통 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 인체를 구성하는 계는 다음과 같이 구분된다. 1) 심장혈관계통(cardiovascular system) 2) 호흡기계(respiratory system) 3) 소화기계(digeshive system) 4) 비뇨기계(urinary system) 5) 생식기계(genital system) 6) 혈액계(hematologic system) 7) 내분비계(endocrine system) 8) 신경계(nervous system) 9) 골격계(skeletal system) 10) 근육계(muscular system) 11) 피부계(integumentary system). |
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| 영문 | sympathetic nervous system | 한글 | 교감신경계 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 자율신경계의 일종으로 내장기능을 주로 항진시켜 활동을 증가시키는 기능을 가진다. 자율신경계의 다른 계열인 부교감신경계는 반대로 내장기능을 억제시켜 에너지를 비축하는 기능을 가진다. 자율신경계의 해부학적 특성은 신경이 중추신경계에서 나와 목표장기에 도달하기 전에 한번의 시냅스(synapse)를 이룬다는 점이며, 따라서 자율신경계는 두 개의 신경(시냅스를 이루기 전의 절전신경과 이룬 후의 절후신경)으로 구성된다. 자율신경계중 교감신경계는 중추신경계 즉 척수 부근의 교감신경절(sympathetic ganglion)에서 시냅스가 일어나고, 부교감 신경계는 중추신경계에서 멀리 떨어진 목표 장기부근의 신경절(ganglion)에서 시냅스가 일어나는 점이 다르다. |
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| 영문 | musculoskeletal System | 한글 | 근골격계 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 근육과 이들 근육이 붙어서 같이 활동을 수행하는 골격(뼈를 통털어 말함)을 함께 부르는 말. 따라서 여기의 근육은 모두 가로무늬근에 속하며, 수의적으로 움직일 수 있다. |
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| 영문 | muscular system | 한글 | 근육계통 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 근육에 의해 이루어진 하나의 계통을 임의적으로 나누어 부른 말. |
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| 영문 | male reproductive system | 한글 | 남성생식기계 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 남성의 생식기는 여러 기관으로 구성되어 있다. 고환, 부고환, 정관, 정낭, 전립샘, 외부성기(음경) 등으로 구성되는데, 실제적으로 정자를 생성하는 곳은 단 한 곳 고환뿐이며, 나머지 기관은 이를 돕는 기능을 수행하고 있다. 정자는 고환의 정세관이란 곳에서 만들어진 뒤에 밖으로 나와 긴 여정을 시작하게 된다. 그 뒤 부고환을 지나 좀 더 성숙해 진 뒤에 정관에서 정낭의 분비물과 만나고 다시 요도로 나가게 된다. 이때 요도 뒤쪽에 위치하는 전립샘의 분비물이 합쳐지게 되고 이 정액은 외부성기를 거쳐서 밖으로 나가게 된다.  |
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| CRD | carbohydrate-recognition domain; chronic renal disease; chronic respiratory disease; child restraint... |
|---|---|
| CRT | cadaveric renal transplant; cardiac resuscitation team; cathode-ray tube; certified; Certified Recor... |
| RVRA | renal vein rein activity; renal venous renin assay |
| SRF | severe renal failure; skin reactive factor; somatotropin-releasing factor; split renal function; sub... |
| RAS | 1) Reticular Activating(Activation) System 2) Renal Artery Stenosis |
| depressor nerve of Ludwig | <anatomy, nerve> A branch of the vagus which ends in the aortic arch and base of the heart; composed entirely of afferent fibres; its stimulation elicits a brainstem reflex which causes slowing of the heart, dilation of the peripheral vessels, and a fall in blood pressure. Synonym: Cyon's nerve, depressor nerve of Ludwig, Ludwig's nerve. (05 Mar 2000) |
|---|---|
| depressor reflex | A fall in blood pressure due to peripheral vasodilation and cardiac inhibition by stimulations of terminations of a cardiac depressor nerve in the aortic arch and base of the heart. Synonym: aortic reflex, depressor reflex. (05 Mar 2000) |
| depressor septi muscle | <anatomy> A vertical fasciculus from the orbicularis oris musculus passing upward along the median line of the upper lip, and inserted into the cartilaginous septum of the nose; action, depresses septum; nerve supply, facial. Synonym: musculus depressor septi, depressor muscle of septum. (05 Mar 2000) |
| depressor supercilii muscle | <anatomy> Fibres of the orbital part of the orbicularis oculi musculus insert in the eyebrow; action, depresses eyebrow; nerve supply, facial. Synonym: musculus depressor supercilii, depressor muscle of eyebrow. (05 Mar 2000) |
| tongue depressor | An instrument with a broad flat extremity used for pressing down the tongue to facilitate examination of the oral cavity and pharynx. (05 Mar 2000) |
| acute renal failure | <nephrology> A sudden decline in renal function may be triggered by a number of acute disease processes. Examples include sepsis (infection), shock, trauma, kidney stones, kidney infection, drug toxicity (aspirin or lithium), poisons or toxins (drug abuse) or after injection with an iodinated contrast dye (adverse effect). Chronic renal failure represents a slow decline in kidney function over time. Chronic renal failure may be caused by a number of disorders which include long-standing hypertension, diabetes, congestive heart failure, lupus or sickle cell anaemia. Both forms of renal failure result in a life-threatening metabolic derangement. (27 Sep 1997) |
| aminoaciduria, renal | Impairment of renal tubular transport of amino acids. (12 Dec 1998) |
| back-pressure renal atrophy | <radiology> Caliectasis without obstruction, due to repeated episodes of obstruction, gradual loss of renal pyramids (12 Dec 1998) |
| base of renal pyramid | The outer broad part of a renal pyramid that lies next to the cortex. Synonym: basis pyramidis renis. (05 Mar 2000) |
| branchio-oto-renal syndrome | <syndrome> An autosomal dominant disorder manifested by various combinations of preauricular pits, branchial fistulae or cysts, lacrimal duct stenosis, hearing loss, structural defects of the outer, middle, or inner ear, and renal dysplasia. Associated defects include asthenic habitus, long narrow facies, constricted palate, deep overbite, and myopia. Hearing loss may be due to mondini type cochlear defect and stapes fixation. (12 Dec 1998) |
| capsular branches of renal artery | <anatomy, artery> Branches arising from the renal artery outside of the kidney that are distributed to the renal capsule. Synonym: rami capsulares arteriae renalis. (05 Mar 2000) |
| captopril renal scan | <radiology> In a kidney with a lesion in the afferent arteriole (e.g. Atherosclerotic plaque), reflex constriction of the efferent arteriole occurs through angiotensin system thus maintaining renal perfusion. ACE inhibition prevents constriction of efferent arteriole. Therefore, perfusion is decreased to a kidney with afferent lesions and the renal scan to looks WORSE. Bottom line: renal scans appear WORSE with captopril administration if there is a lesion in the afferent arteriole. See: renal artery stenosis (12 Dec 1998) |
| carcinoma, renal cell | Carcinoma of the renal parenchyma usually occurring in middle age or later and composed of tubular cells in varying arrangements. It was first described in 1826. Possible causal factors are environmental, hormonal, cellular, and genetic. Smoking is a definite risk factor and obesity is associated with increased risk. Renal cell carcinoma accounts for approximately 3% of adult cancer; the male-female ratio is 2:1. It is more common among urban residents than rural. (12 Dec 1998) |
| renal | <anatomy> Pertaining to the kidney, nephric. (18 Nov 1997) |
| renal adenocarcinoma | <radiology> Hypernephroma, renal cell carcinoma, arises from proximal collecting tubule, 10% bilateral adenocarcinoma types: papillary, alveolar, onchocytoma vascularity, 85% hypervascular (require pre-op embolization), 10% hypovascular (usually papillary type), 5% avascular associated with: tuberous sclerosis, von Hippel-Lindau syndrome see also: staging (12 Dec 1998) |