| refractive errors | Deviations from the average or standard indices of refraction of the eye through its dioptric or refractive apparatus. (12 Dec 1998) |
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| refractive index | <microscopy> The ratio of the velocity of light in a vacuum to the velocity in some medium. Refractive index generally increases with the atomic number of the constituent atoms. (05 Aug 1998) |
| refractive keratoplasty | Any procedure in which the shape of the cornea is modified, with the intent of changing the refractive error of the eye; for example, if the cornea is flattened, the eye becomes less myopic. See: photorefractive keratectomy, keratophakia, lamellar keratoplasty, thermokeratoplasty, keratomileusis, radial keratotomy. Synonym: keratorefractive surgery. (05 Mar 2000) |
| refractive keratotomy | Modification of corneal curvature by means of corneal incisions to minimise hyperopia, myopia, or astigmatism.In this type of radial keratotomy surgery, performed by excimer laser, pie-shaped pieces of cornea are removed under local anaesthetic. The resulting scar tissue formation reshapes the cornea. This class of surgery is somewhat unpredictable, and its long-term effects are still unknown. (05 Mar 2000) |
| refractivity | Refractive power. Synonym: refringency. (05 Mar 2000) |
| refractometer | <optics> A contrivance for exhibiting and measuring the refraction of light. Origin: Refraction. Source: Websters Dictionary (01 Mar 1998) |
| refractometry | Measurement of the index of refraction (the ratio of the velocity of light or other radiation in the first of two media to its velocity in the second as it passes from one into the other). (12 Dec 1998) |
| refractor | <optics> Anything that refracts; specifically: A refracting telescope, in which the image to be viewed is formed by the refraction of light in passing through a convex lens. Source: Websters Dictionary (01 Mar 1998) |
| refractory | Not readily yielding to treatment. Origin: L. Refractorius (18 Nov 1997) |
| refractory anaemia | <haematology> A form of myelodysplasia which primarily affects the red cell production by the bone marrow. In some cases the developing red cells show an internal ring of iron granules. These cells are called sideroblasts. Refractory anaemia and refractory anaemia with sideroblasts are the most common forms of myelodysplasia. Origin: Gr. Haima = blood (13 Nov 1997) |
| refractory anaemia with excess blasts | <haematology> A form of myelodysplasia characterised by the build up of immature white blood cells (blasts) in the bone marrow. If the immature cells are particularly numerous it may indicate a chance of transformation to acute leukaemia and the condition is called refractory anaemia with excess blasts in transformation (RAEBt). Acronym: RAEB (13 Nov 1997) |
| refractory cast | A cast made of material that will withstand the high temperatures of metal casting or soldering without disintegrating. Synonym: investment cast. (05 Mar 2000) |
| refractory flask | A metal tube in which a refractory mold is made for casting metal dental restorations or appliances. Synonym: casting flask, casting ring. (05 Mar 2000) |
| refractory lining | A lining, usually of ceramic, capable of resisting and maintaining high temperatures. (05 Dec 1998) |
| refractory period | <neurology, physiology> most commonly used in reference to the interval (typically 1ms) after the passage of an action potential during which an axon is incapable of responding to another. This is caused by inactivation of the sodium channels after opening. The maximum frequency at which neurons can fire is thus limited to a few hundred Hertz. An analogous refractory period occurs in individuals of Dictyostelium discoideum, which are insensitive to extracellular cyclic AMP immediately after a pulse of cAMP has been secreted. The term can be applied to any system where a similar insensitive period follows stimulation. (18 Nov 1997) |
| refractile |
refractive: of or relating to or capable of refraction; "the refractive characteristics of the eye"
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| refracta dosi |
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| refractory |
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| refractile |
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| refracting media |
the transparent tissues and fluids in the eye through which light rays pass and by which they are refracted and brought to a focus on the retina; the structures include the cornea, aqueous humor, crystalline lens, and vitreous body. Called also dioptric media.
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| refract | the trait of being unmanageable |
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| refract | lining consisting of material with a high melting point |
| refract | resistant to authority or control |
| refract | stubbornly resistant to authority or control |
| refract | marked by stubborn resistance to and defiant of authority or guidance |
| refract | (medicine) not responding to treatment |
| refract | any of various anemic conditions that are not successfully treated by any means other than blood transfusions (and that are not associated with another primary disease) |
| refract | any of various anemic conditions that are not successfully treated by any means other than blood transfusions (and that are not associated with another primary disease) |
| refract | (neurology) the time after a neuron fires or a muscle fiber contracts during which a stimulus will not evoke a response |
| refract | small porous bowl made of bone ash used in assaying to separate precious metals from e.g. lead |
| refract | (of furnaces) lined with material that has a high melting point |
| refract | break (a bone) that was previously broken but mended in an abnormal way |