| 영문 | hormone | 한글 | 호르몬 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 호르몬이란 특정한 내분비선에서 생성, 저장되어 있다가, 관류하는 혈액 중으로 분비된 다음 혈액에 실려 멀리 떨어져 있는 표적세포(호르몬이 작용을 나타내는 세포)에 이르러 그곳에서 특정한 기능을 발휘하는 물질을 말한다. 내분비샘이 아니더라도 어느 세포나 세포군에서 세포외액 중으로 분비된 다음 다른 세포에 가서 세포의 기능을 변동시키는 물질의 일부도 호르몬의 범주에 포함시키고 있으며 이들을 특별히 국소호르몬이라 부른다(예-아세틸콜린, 아드레날린, 콜레시스토키닌 등). 이에 비해서 특정 내분비샘에서 혈중으로 분비되는 진정한 의미의 호르몬들을 일반호르몬이라고 부른다. 호르몬을 흔히 3종의 무리로 분류를 하는데 아드레날린이나 thyroxine과 같이 아미노산의 유도체로 된 호르몬들(amine derivative), 많은 아미노산을 재료로 만들어졌거나 당단백으로 된 단백호르몬(peptide hormone), 그리고 콜레스테롤을 재료로 만들어진 지방호르몬(steroid hormone) 등으로 구분되며 이들은 대체로 종류에 따라 작용메커니즘을 달리하고 있다. |
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| 영문 | luteinizing hormone(LH) | 한글 | 황체형성호르몬 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 여성의 월경은 정해진 순서에 의해 일어나게 된다. 먼저 난포자극호르몬이 뇌에서 분비되어 여성의 난소를 자극하게 되면 난포가 자극받아 난포호르몬(에스트로젠)을 분비하게 되고 이것은 다시 되먹이기 메커니즘 의해 뇌에 작용을 하여 황체화호르몬이 뇌에서 분비되고 이것이 이른바 절정에 이르렀을 때, 난포에서 배란이 일어나게 된다. 이후 난포는 황체로 변하게 되며, 배란된 난자가 수정되지 아니하면, 황체는 황체호르몬(프로게스테론)을 분비한 뒤 퇴화되고 곧 이어 월경이 일어나게 된다. 이 일은 정상적인 대부분의 여성에서 28일을 주기로 일어나며, 대개 황체화호르몬 절정 이후 마지막은 14일로 일정하다고 한다. |
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| RA | radioactive; ragocyte; ragweed antigen; rapidly adapting [receptors]; reactive arthritis; reciprocal... |
|---|---|
| PTH | ParaThyroid Hormone |
| PTH-rP | ParaThyroid Hormone related Protein |
| PH | parathyroid hormone; partial hepatectomy; partial hysterectomy; passive hemagglutination; past histo... |
| PTHL | parathyroid hormone-like |
| receptors, thyrotropin-releasing hormone | Cell surface receptors that bind thyrotropin releasing hormone (trh) with high affinity and trigger intracellular changes which influence the behaviour of cells. Activated trh receptors in the anterior pituitary stimulate the release of thyrotropin (thyroid stimulating hormone, tsh). Trh receptors on neurons mediate neurotransmission by trh. (12 Dec 1998) |
|---|---|
| parathyroid | 1. <anatomy> Situated beside the thyroid gland. 2. <endocrinology> One of the parathyroid glands. 3. <pharmacology> A sterile preparation of the water soluble principle of the parathyroid glands, administered parenterally as an antihypocalcaemic, especially in the treatment of acute hypoparathyroidism with tetany. (18 Nov 1997) |
| parathyroid gland | <anatomy, endocrinology> Four small endocrine glands lying close or embedded in the posterior surface of the thyroid gland. They secrete the hormone parathormone. (27 Sep 1997) |
| parathyroid glands | Two small paired endocrine glands in the region of the thyroid gland. They secrete parathyroid hormone and are concerned with the metabolism of calcium and phosphorus. (12 Dec 1998) |
| parathyroid hormonelike protein | A 140 amino acid protein secreted by some cancer cells; it causes hypercalcaemia. (05 Mar 2000) |
| parathyroid hormones | Polypeptide hormones (84 amino acid residues) secreted by the parathyroid glands, which promote release of calcium from bone to extracellular fluid by activating osteoblasts and inhibiting osteoclasts, indirectly promote increased intestinal absorption of calcium, and promote renal tubular reabsorption of calcium and increased renal excretion of phosphates. It is a major regulator of bone metabolism. Secretion of parathyroid hormone increases when the level of calcium in the extracellular fluid is low. Its action is opposed by calcitonin. (12 Dec 1998) |
| parathyroid insufficiency | <endocrinology> A term which describes the abnormally low production of parathyroid hormone by the parathyroid glands. Hypoparathyroidism may be congenital or occur in association with another disorder (autoimmune disease, haemochromatosis). Common symptoms are those of low blood calcium: muscle spasms, tetany, facial grimacing, laryngeal spasm and seizures. (11 Jan 1998) |
| parathyroid osteosis | Rarefying osteitis with fibrous degeneration and formation of cysts, and with the presence of fibrous nodules on the affected bones. It is due to marked osteoclastic activity secondary to hyperfunction of the parathyroid glands. (12 Dec 1998) |
| parathyroid tetany | Tetany due to lack of parathyroid function, spontaneous or following excision of the parathyroid glands. Synonym: hypoparathyroid tetany, parathyroprival tetany, tetania parathyreopriva. (05 Mar 2000) |
| chief cell of parathyroid gland | A round clear cell with a centrally located nucleus; secretes parathyroid hormone. (05 Mar 2000) |
| water-clear cell of parathyroid | A variety of chief cell, so-called because the cytoplasm contains much glycogen that is not preserved or stained in the usual preparation. Synonym: wasserhelle cell. (05 Mar 2000) |
| adipokinetic hormone | An anterior pituitary hormone that causes mobilization of fat from adipose tissue. Synonym: adipokinetic hormone. (05 Mar 2000) |
| adrenal androgen-stimulating hormone | A putative pituitary hormone that may be responsible for increased secretion of adrenal androgens at the time of puberty. (05 Mar 2000) |
| adrenocorticotrophic hormone | <endocrinology> A peptide hormone that is produced by the anterior pituitary gland. It stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete glucocorticoid hormones, which help cells synthesise glucose, catabolize proteins, mobilizefree fatty acids and inhibit inflammation in allergic responses. (10 May 1997) |
| adrenocorticotropic hormone | The hormone of the anterior lobe of the hypophysis which governs the nutrition and growth of the adrenal cortex, stimulates it to functional activity, and also possesses extraadrenal adipokinetic activity; it is a polypeptide containing 39 amino acids, but exact structure varies from one species to another; sometimes prefixed by a to distinguish it from beta-corticotropin. The first thirteen amino acids at the N-terminal region are identical to alpha-melanotropin. Synonym: adrenocorticotropin, adrenotropic hormone, adrenotropin, corticotropic hormone, corticotropin. (05 Mar 2000) |