| MD | Doctor of Medicine [Lat. Medicinae Doctor]; magnesium deficiency; main duct; maintenance dose; major... |
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| MID | maximum inhibiting dilution; mesioincisodistal; midinfarct dementia; minimum infective dose; minimum... |
| NSD | Nairobi sheep disease; neonatal staphylococcal disease; neurosecretory dysfunction; night sleep depr... |
| TCD | tapetochoroidal dystrophy; T-cell depletion; thermal conductivity detector; tissue culture dose; tra... |
| AD | accident dispensary; acetate dialysis; active disease; acute dermatomyositis; addict, addiction; ade... |
| maximum permissible dose | <radiobiology> Defined by the International Commission on Radiological Protection as the greatest dose of radiation which, in the light of present knowledge, is not expected to cause detectable bodily injury to a person at any time during his lifetime. This dose has been reduced with each Commission report. The MPD is given in terms of acute or chronic exposure of the whole body or of organs, systems, or regions of the body, and differs for persons who are occupationally exposed versus the public at large. (05 Mar 2000) |
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| median effective dose | The dose that produces the desired effect; when followed by a subscript (generally "ED50"), it denotes the dose having such an effect on a certain percentage (e.g., 50%) of the test animals; ED50 is the median effective dose, in radiation protection, the sum of the equivalent doses in all tissues and organs of the body weighted for tissue effects of radiation. The unit of effective dose is the sievert (Sv), epilation dose, the minimum amount of radiation sufficient to produce hair loss, usually in 10 to 14 days. (05 Mar 2000) |
| gonadal dose | The exposure dose to the male or female gonad, usually from incidental secondary radiation in diagnostic or therapeutic irradiation, or from whole-body irradiation. Synonym: gonadal dose. (05 Mar 2000) |
| gonad dose | The exposure dose to the male or female gonad, usually from incidental secondary radiation in diagnostic or therapeutic irradiation, or from whole-body irradiation. Synonym: gonadal dose. (05 Mar 2000) |
| minimal dose | <pharmacology> The smallest amount of a drug or physical procedure that will produce a desired physiologic effect in an adult. (05 Mar 2000) |
| minimal infecting dose | <microbiology> The smallest quantity of infectious material regularly producing infection; usually expressed as I.D.50, the quantity causing infection in 50% of a suitable series of animals or cells (cell cultures). (05 Mar 2000) |
| minimal lethal dose | <pharmacology> The minimal dose of a toxic substance or infectious agent that is lethal, as assayed in various experimental animals (e.g., the least amount of diphtheria toxin that, on an average, kills a 250-g guinea pig within 96 hours after subcutaneous inoculation). When followed by a subscript (generally "MLD50"), denotes the minimal dose that is lethal to a certain percentage (e.g., 50%) of animals so assayed, LD05. See: lethal dose. (05 Mar 2000) |
| minimal reacting dose | The minimal dose of a toxic substance causing a reaction, as manifested in the skin of a series of susceptible test animals; the assay is based on the development of a characteristic, minimal but definite, "standard," focal inflammation (congestion and oedema, induration, degenerative changes, and desquamation of epidermal cells). (05 Mar 2000) |
| cumulative dose | The total dose resulting from repeated exposures to radiation of the same part of the body or of the whole body. (05 Mar 2000) |
| curative dose | The quantity of any substance required to effect the cure of a disease or that will correct the manifestations of a deficiency of a particular factor in the diet, effective dose used with therapeutically applied compounds. Synonym: therapeutic dose. (05 Mar 2000) |
| preventive dose | The smallest amount of any substance that will prevent occurrence of symptoms of a disease or the consequences of a lack of a particular factor in the diet. (05 Mar 2000) |
| high dose tolerance | The induction of tolerance by exposure to high doses of antigen. (05 Mar 2000) |
| sensitizing dose | In experimental anaphylaxis, the antigenic inoculum that renders an animal susceptible (sensitive) to anaphylactic shock following a subsequent inoculum (shocking dose) of the same antigen (anaphylactogen). (05 Mar 2000) |
| shocking dose | In experimental anaphylaxis, the inoculum of antigen that causes anaphylactic shock in an animal sensitised by a previous inoculum (sensitizing dose) of the same antigen. (05 Mar 2000) |
| skin dose | The quantity of radiation delivered to the skin surface. (05 Mar 2000) |