| 영문 | abnormality, anomaly | 한글 | 이상, 비정상 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 정상을 벗어난 성질 혹은 사실. anomaly, aberration 등도 이상 상태를 나타내는 것이지만 abnormality가 가장 넓은 의미의 이상이다. anomaly는 보통 선천적 이상을 의미하며, aberration은 맨 눈으로 보이지 않는 이상을 의미하는 경우가 많다. |
||
| DPM | Diploma in Psychological Medicine; discontinue previous medication; Doctor of Physical Medicine; Doc... |
|---|---|
| PH | parathyroid hormone; partial hepatectomy; partial hysterectomy; passive hemagglutination; past histo... |
| PMI | pain management inventory; past medical illness; patient medication instruction; perioperative myoca... |
| PMP | pain management program; patient management program; patient medication profile; peripheral myelin p... |
| prev | prevention, preventive; previous |
| work schedule tolerance | Physiological or psychological effects of periods of work which may be fixed or flexible such as flexitime, work shifts, and rotating shifts. (12 Dec 1998) |
|---|---|
| cross tolerance | <pharmacology> The resistance to one or several effects of a compound as a result of tolerance developed to a pharmacologically similar compound. (05 Mar 2000) |
| high dose tolerance | The induction of tolerance by exposure to high doses of antigen. (05 Mar 2000) |
| xylose tolerance test | <investigation> This test measures the intestine's ability to absorb the simple sugar, D-xylose. This is an indicator for whether or not nutrients are being absorbed properly in the intestine. This test is often used to evaluate persistent diarrhoea, weight loss, malnutrition and cases of suspected malabsorption. Abnormal results may be seen in the following conditions: Crohn's disease, Giardiasis, hookworm infestation, radiation enteritis, celiac sprue, viral gastroenteritis and Whipple's disease. (27 Sep 1997) |
| self tolerance | The normal lack of the ability to produce an immunological response to autologous (self) antigens. A breakdown of self tolerance leads to autoimmune diseases. The ability to recognise the difference between self and non-self is the prime function of the immune system. (12 Dec 1998) |
| species tolerance | The insensitivity to a particular drug exhibited by a particular species. (05 Mar 2000) |
| split tolerance | Modification of an immune response to an antigen after prior exposure to that antigen. Synonym: split tolerance. (05 Mar 2000) |
| nonresponder tolerance | Lack of immune response to antigen. Theories of tolerance induction include clonal deletion and clonal anergy. In clonal deletion, the actual clone of cells is eliminated whereas in clonal anergy the cells are present but nonfunctional. Synonym: immunological tolerance, immunotolerance, nonresponder tolerance. (05 Mar 2000) |
| drug tolerance | Progressive diminution of the susceptibility of a human or animal to the effects of a drug, resulting from its continued administration. It should be differentiated from drug resistance wherein a human, animal, disease, or tissue fails to respond to the intended effectiveness of a chemical or drug. (12 Dec 1998) |
| immune tolerance | The specific failure of a normally responsive individual to make an immune response to a known antigen. It results from previous contact with the antigen by an immunologically immature individual (foetus or neonate) or by an adult exposed to extreme high-dose or low-dose antigen, or by exposure to radiation, antimetabolites, antilymphocytic serum, etc. (12 Dec 1998) |
| immunological tolerance | <immunology> Specific unresponsiveness to antigen. Self tolerance is a process occurring normally early in life due to suppression of self reactive lymphocyte clones. Tolerance to foreign antigens can be induced in adult life by exposure to antigens under conditions in which specific clones are suppressed. Note that tolerance is not the same as immunological unresponsiveness, since the latter may be very non-specific as in immunodeficiency states. (18 Nov 1997) |
| immunologic high dose tolerance | Induction of tolerance by exposure to large amounts of protein antigens. (05 Mar 2000) |
| immunologic tolerance | Lack of immune response to antigen. Theories of tolerance induction include clonal deletion and clonal anergy. In clonal deletion, the actual clone of cells is eliminated whereas in clonal anergy the cells are present but nonfunctional. Synonym: immunological tolerance, immunotolerance, nonresponder tolerance. (05 Mar 2000) |
| individual tolerance | Tolerance to a drug that the person has never received before. (05 Mar 2000) |
| oral lactose tolerance test | A test for lactose deficiency; the plasma glucose response to an oral lactose load is measured as in the (oral) glucose tolerance test. (05 Mar 2000) |