| NP | polio nonparalytic poliomyelitis |
|---|---|
| OPV | oral polio vaccine |
| polio | poliomyelitis |
| PV | pancreatic vein; papillomavirus; paraventricular; paravertebral; pemphigus vulgaris; peripheral vasc... |
| vaccination, haemophilus influenzae type b | See vaccination, hib. (12 Dec 1998) |
|---|---|
| vaccination, hepatitis a | When immediate protection against hepatitis a (infectious hepatitis) is needed, immunoglobulins are used. Protection is effective only if given within 2 weeks of exposure and lasts but 2-4 months. Immunoglobulins can be used to protect household contacts of someone with acute viral hepatitis and travelers to regions with poor sanitation and high hepatitis a rates, when the traveler has to depart sooner than the vaccines can take effect (about 2 weeks). Travelers can receive the immunoglobulin and vaccine simultaneously and be protected immediately and for longer term. When immediate protection is not needed, hepatitis a vaccines are considered for individuals in high-risk settings, including frequent world travelers, sexually active individuals with multiple partners, homosexual men, individuals using illicit drugs, employees of daycare centres, and certain health care workers, and sewage workers. Two hepatitis a vaccines called havrix and vaqta are commercially available in the u.s. Both are highly effective and provide protection even after only one dose. Two doses are recommended for adults and 3 doses for children (under 18 years of age) to provide prolonged protection. (12 Dec 1998) |
| vaccination, hepatitis b | Hepatits B (hep B) vaccine gives prolonged protection, but 3 shots over a half year are usually required. In the u.s., all infants receive hep b vaccine. Two vaccines (engerix-b, and recombivax-hb) are available in the us. The first dose of hep b vaccine is frequently given while the newborn is in the hospital or at the first doctor visit following birth. The second dose is given about 30 days after the initial dose. A booster dose is performed approximately six months later. Babies born to mothers testing positive for hep b receive, in addition, hbig (hep b immune globulin) for prompt protection. Older children (11-12 years) are advised to receive a hep b booster as are adults in high-risk situations including healthcare workers, dentists, intimate and household contacts of patients with chronic hep b infection, male homosexuals, individuals with multiple sexual partners, dialysis patients, iv drug users, and recipients of repeated transfusions. Health care workers accidentally exposed to materials infected with hep b (such as needle sticks), and individuals with known sexual contact with hep b patients are available in the u.s. Both are highly effective and provide protection even after only one dose. Two doses are recommended for adults and 3 doses for children (under 18 years of age) to provide prolonged protection. Vaccination, hepatitis b: hepatits b (hep b) vaccine gives prolonged protection, but 3 shots over a half year are usually required. In the u.s., all infants receive hep b vaccine. Two vaccines (engerix-b, and recombivax-hb) are available in the us. The first dose of hep b vaccine is frequently given while the newborn is in the hospital or at the first doctor visit following birth. The second dose is given about 30 days after the initial dose. A booster dose is performed approximately six months later. Babies born to mothers testing positive for hep b receive, in addition, hbig (hep b immune globulin) for prompt protection. Older children (11-12 years) are advised to receive a hep b booster as are adults in high-risk situations including healthcare workers, dentists, intimate and household contacts of patients with chronic hep b infection, male homosexuals, individuals with multiple sexual partners, dialysis patients, iv drug users, and recipients of repeated transfusions. Health care workers accidentally exposed to materials infected with hep b (such as needle sticks), and individuals with known sexual contact with hep b patients are usually given both hbig and vaccine to provide immediate and long term protection. (12 Dec 1998) |
| vaccination, hib | This vaccine is to prevent disease caused by the haemophilus influenzae type b (hib) bacteria. The h. Influenzae (h. Flu) bacteria can cause a range of serious diseases including meningitis with potential brain damage and epiglottitis with airway obstruction poisoning. The hib vaccine is usually given at 2, 4 and 6 months of age. A final booster is given at 12-15 months of age. Hib vaccine rarely causes severe reactions. (12 Dec 1998) |
| vaccination, infectious hepatitis | See Vaccination, hepatitis a. (12 Dec 1998) |
| vaccination, measles | See Vaccination, MMR. Vaccination, mmr: the standard vaccine given to prevent measles, mumps and rubella (german measles). The mmr vaccine is now given in two dosages. The first should be given at12-15 months of age. The second vaccination hould be given at 4-6 years (or, alternatively, 11-12 years) of age. most colleges require proof of a second measles or mmr vaccination prior to entrance. Most children should receive mmr vaccinations. Exceptions may include children born with an inability to fight off infection, some children with cancer, on treatment with radiation or drugs for cancer, on long term steroids (cortisone). People with severe allergic reactions to eggs or the drug neomycin should probably avoid the mmr vaccine. Pregnant women should wait until after delivery before being immunised with mmr. People with HIV or aids should normally receive mmr vaccine. Measles, mumps, and rubella vaccines may be administered as individual shots, if necessary, or as a measles-rubella combination. (12 Dec 1998) |
| vaccination, mumps | See Vaccination, MMR. Vaccination, pneumococcal pneumonia: this vaccine, which prevents one of the most common and severe forms of pneumonia, is usually given only once in a lifetime, usually after the age of 55, to someone with ongoing lung problems (such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) or asthma) or other chronic diseases (including those involving the heart and kidneys). This vaccination would rarely be given to children. (12 Dec 1998) |
| vaccination, rubella | See Vaccination, MMR. (12 Dec 1998) |
| vaccination, varicella zoster | See Vaccineation, chickenpox. (12 Dec 1998) |
| varicella vaccination | See Vaccination, chickenpox. (12 Dec 1998) |
| primary vaccination | <virology> First or principal vaccination with the introduction of a vaccine into the body for the purpose of inducing immunity. (18 Nov 1997) |
| DPT vaccination | <immunology> A vaccination administered to infants for protection against diphtheria, pertussis (whooping cough) and tetanus. Vaccinations are typically administered at 2, 4, 6 and 15 months. A final vaccination is now recommended at 4-6 years of age. (27 Sep 1997) |
| yellow fever vaccination | A live attenuated (weakened) viral vaccine recommended for people traveling to or living in tropical areas in the americas and africa where yellow fever occurs. (12 Dec 1998) |