| 영문 | optic nerve | 한글 | 시각신경 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 시각을 인지하는 신경. 이 신경은 단지 감각신경으로서만 작용한다. 따라서 어떤 사물을 따라 눈을 움직일 수 있는 것은 이 시각신경과는 무관하다(이것은 눈돌림신경(oculomotor nerve)에 의해 가능하다). 또한 시각신경은 고위중추신경계인 뇌에서 직접 분지하므로 손상시 재생은 불가능하며, 이에 대한 치료법은 없다. |
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| 영문 | nerve | 한글 | 신경 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 여러 기관들의 서로간 상호연결체계가 바로 신경계이다. 이러한 신경계는 각 신경세포들에 의해 이루어지고 있으며, 여기에는 중추신경계(central nerve system: CNS)와 말초신경계(peripheral nerve system: PNS)가 있다. 중추신경계란 뇌와 척수를 말하며, 말초신경계는 12쌍의 뇌신경(cranial nerve: 뇌에서 기시하여 주로 얼굴부위와 목 부위에 분포한다)과 31쌍의 척수신경(spinal nerve: spinal cord에서 각기 양쪽으로 쌍을 이루어 나오는데 주로 목이하부위의 신체 각 부분으로 분포하게 된다)으로 구성되어 있다. 또한 말초신경계에는 앞에서 말한 뇌신경과 척수신경외에 자율신경계가 존재한다. 자율신경계는 다시 교감신경과 부교감신경으로 나뉘어져 서로간의 올바른 상호작용으로 몸속에서 여러 가지 작용을 수행한다. |
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| 영문 | nerve cell | 한글 | 신경세포 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 신경세포는 올바른 신경전달을 위한 각 부분별로 나뉘어져 있다. 신경세포에서는 전해져오는 자극을 전기적인 신호로 바뀌어 보내거나 받게 된다. 이런 전기적인 현상은 각 신경세포내에 존재하는 각 이온채널(ion channel: ion이란 나트륨, 칼륨 등을 지칭하는 말들로써, 이들이 세포막에 의해 나뉘어질 때 생기는 전압차가 전기적 자극을 일으키고 유지하는데 결정적인 역할을 한다)들의 작용에 의해 이루어지게 된다. |
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| 영문 | facial nerve | 한글 | 얼굴신경 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 표정근을 지배하는 큰 운동신경과 작은 중간신경으로 구성된다. 좁은 의미의 얼굴신경과 중간신경으로 이루어지는 혼합신경이다. 속귀신경과 함께 속귓길로 들어가고 그 바닥에서 속귀신경과 갈라져 얼굴신경관으로 들어가, 거의 직각으로 구부러지는 부분을 얼굴신경무릎이라 하며, 여기에 무릎신경마디가 있다. |
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| communicating branch of lacrimal nerve with zygomatic nerve | <anatomy, nerve> Nerve branch by which postsynaptic parasympathetic (secretomotor) fibres from the pterygopalatine ganglion are transferred from the zygomatic nerve to the lacrimal nerve (heretofore purely sensory) for distribution to the lacrimal gland. Synonym: ramus communicans nervi lacrimalis cum nervo zygomatico. (05 Mar 2000) |
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| communicating branch of median nerve with ulnar nerve | <anatomy, nerve> Branch of median nerve joining the ulnar nerve in the hand; the anterior interosseous branch of the median nerve may also communicate with the ulnar nerve in the proximal forearm. Synonym: ramus communicans nervi mediani cum nervo ulnari. (05 Mar 2000) |
| communicating branch of superior laryngeal nerve with recurrent laryngeal nerve | <anatomy, nerve> Branch of internal branch of superior laryngeal nerve communicating with the recurrent laryngeal nerve in the wall of the laryngopharynx supplying sensory fibres to the latter. Synonym: ramus communicans nervi laryngei recurrentis cum ramo laryngeo interno, ramus communicans nervi laryngei superioris cum nervo laryngeo recurrenti, Galen's anastomosis, Galen's nerve. (05 Mar 2000) |
| abducens nerve | <anatomy, nerve> The 6th cranial nerve. The abducens nerve originates in the abducens nucleus of the pons and sends motor fibres to the lateral rectus muscles of the eye. Damage to the nerve or its nucleus disrupts horizontal eye movement control. (12 Dec 1998) |
| abducent nerve | <anatomy> The abducent nerve enervates a muscle which moves the eyeball. Lesions of the sixth cranial nerve result in deviation of the eyeball outward and double vision. Synonym: cranial nerve VI. (27 Sep 1997) |
| accessory nerve | <anatomy, nerve> The accessory nerve enervates the sternocleidomastoid muscles and the trapezius muscles. Lesions of the eleventh result in drooping of the shoulder and inability to rotate the head away from the affected side. Synonym: cranial nerve XI. (27 Sep 1997) |
| accessory nerve lymph nodes | The nodes of the lateral deep cervical group that are located along the accessory nerve; their efferent vessels pass to the supraclavicular lymph nodes. Synonym: companion lymph nodes of accessory nerve, nodi lymphatici comitantes nervi accessorii. (05 Mar 2000) |
| accessory nerve trunk | Part of the accessory nerve formed within the cranial cavity by the union of the cranial and spinal roots, which then divides within the jugular foramen into internal and external branches, the former uniting with the vagus, the latter exiting the foramen as in independent branch which is commonly considered to be the accessory nerve. (05 Mar 2000) |
| accessory portion of spinal accessory nerve | <anatomy, nerve> The roots of the accessory nerve which arise from the medulla; the nerve fibres of the cranial root join the intracranial portion of the vagus nerve and are distributed to the pharyngeal plexus, providing the motor innervation of the soft palate (except the tensor veli palati) and the pharynx. Synonym: pars vagalis nervi accessorii, radices craniales, accessory portion of spinal accessory nerve, cranial roots, vagal part of accessory nerve, vagal part. (05 Mar 2000) |
| accommodation of nerve | <anatomy, nerve> The property of a nerve by which it adjusts to a slowly increasing strength of stimulus, so that its threshold of excitation is greater than it would be were the stimulus strength to have risen more rapidly. (05 Mar 2000) |
| accompanying vein of hypoglossal nerve | Runs with the hypoglossal nerve below and lateral to the hyoglossus muscle, emptying usually into the lingual vein. Synonym: accompanying vein of hypoglossal nerve. (05 Mar 2000) |
| acoustic nerve | <anatomy, nerve> The 8th cranial nerve. The acoustic (or vestibulocochlear) nerve has a cochlear part which is concerned with hearing and a vestibular part which mediates the sense of balance and head position. The fibres of the cochlear nerve originate from neurons of the spiral ganglion and project to the cochlear nuclei. The fibres of the vestibular nerve arise from neurons of scarpa's ganglion and project to the vestibular nuclei. (12 Dec 1998) |
| acoustic nerve diseases | Diseases of the eighth cranial nerve. These include vestibular neuronitis, cochlear neuritis and acoustic neuroma. (12 Dec 1998) |
| afferent nerve | <anatomy, physiology> A nerve which transmits impulses from the tissues to the brain and spinal cord (for example sensory nerve). (27 Sep 1997) |
| Andersch's nerve | <anatomy, nerve> A nerve from the inferior ganglion of the glossopharyngeal nerve, passing through the tympanic canaliculus to the tympanic cavity, forming there the tympanic plexus which supplies the mucous membrane of the tympanic cavity, mastoid cells, and auditory tube; presynaptic parasympathetic fibres also pass through the tympanic nerve via the lesser superficial petrosal nerve to the otic ganglion, where they synapse with postsynaptic fibres that continue to supply the parotid gland. Synonym: nervus tympanicus, Andersch's nerve, Jacobson's nerve. (05 Mar 2000) |