| APR | abdominoperineal resection; absolute proximal reabsorption; acute phase reaction or reactant; amebic... |
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| APRP | acidic proline-rich protein; acute phase reactant protein |
| ARP | absolute refractory period; American Registry of Pathologists; anticipated recovery path; apolipopro... |
| ASPS | advanced sleep phase syndrome |
| CPIR | cephalic-phase insulin release |
| phase variation | <microbiology> Alteration in the expression of surface antigens by bacteria. For example: Salmonella can express either of two forms of flagellin, H1 and H2, that are coded by different genes. Control of which form is expressed is brought about by inversion of the promoter for the H2 gene, which if functional (noninverted) is associated with the expression of H2 and the production of a repressor of the H1 gene. Inversion occurs about every 1000 bacterial divisions and is under the control of another gene, hin, that is within the invertable sequence. (31 Dec 1997) |
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| phase, crystal | <microscopy> A specific crystal structure, usually given a name. (05 Aug 1998) |
| phase, resting | More appropriately called interphase. The interval in the cell cycle between two cell divisions when the individual chromosomes cannot be distinguished, interphase was once thought to be the resting phase but it is far from a time of rest for the cell. It is the time when DNA is replicated in the cell nucleus. (12 Dec 1998) |
| phase-amplitude contrast | <microscopy> The separation and recombination of direct vs. Diffracted rays in a light microscope adjusted to Kohler illumination. at the lower focal plane of the condenser there is an annular diaphragm with an opaque central stop. Through this diaphragm rays are focused as a hollow cone onto the specimen. In the back focal plane of the objective there is a conjugate annular diaphragm (phase plate). If here the undiffracted rays are retarded (by a transparent film of proper thickness on the annulus of the phase plate), bright contrast results. If, instead, the phase-delay film is on the central spot, dark contrast results. With either a bright or a dark-contrast phase plate, the annulus is usually coated with a partially absorbing (very thin) film of silver (Zernike method) or carbon soot (Wilska method) to reduce the higher amplitude (intensity) of the undiffracted rays. (05 Aug 1998) |
| phase-contrast microscope | <instrument> A specially constructed microscope that has a special condenser and objective containing a phase-shifting ring whereby small differences in index of refraction are made visible as intensity or contrast differences in the image; particularly useful for examining structural details in transparent specimens such as living or unstained cells and tissues. (05 Mar 2000) |
| phaseollin | <protein> A phytoalexin produced by Phaseolus (bean) plants in response to pathogenic attack or other stress. (18 Nov 1997) |
| phaseolus | <botany> A genus of leguminous plants, including the Lima bean, the kidney bean, the scarlet runner, etc. See Bean. Origin: L. Source: Websters Dictionary (01 Mar 1998) |
| phaseomannite | <chemistry> Same as Inosite. Origin: So called because found in the unripe fruit of the bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). Source: Websters Dictionary (01 Mar 1998) |
| Gibb's phase rule | An expression of the relationships existing between systems in equilibrium: P + V = C + 2, where P is the number of phases, V the variance or degrees of freedom, and C the number of components; it also follows that the variance is, V = C + 2 -P. For H2O at its triple point, V = 1 + 2 -3 = 0, i.e., both temperature and pressure are fixed. Synonym: Gibb's phase rule. (05 Mar 2000) |
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| reduction phase | The stage of nuclear changes in the sexual cells during which reduction of the chromosomes takes place; it embraces the cell generations of the spermatocytes and oocytes. Synonym: reduction phase. (05 Mar 2000) |
| resting phase | More appropriately called interphase. The interval in the cell cycle between two cell divisions when the individual chromosomes cannot be distinguished, interphase was once thought to be the resting phase but it is far from a time of rest for the cell. It is the time when DNA is replicated in the cell nucleus. (12 Dec 1998) |
| vulnerable phase | A period in the cardiac cycle during which an ectopic impulse may lead to repetitive activity such as flutter or fibrillation of the affected chamber. (05 Mar 2000) |
| meiotic phase | The stage of nuclear changes in the sexual cells during which reduction of the chromosomes takes place; it embraces the cell generations of the spermatocytes and oocytes. Synonym: reduction phase. (05 Mar 2000) |
| reversed phase chromatography | A form of partitionary chromatography in which the stationary phase is more polar than the mobile phase. (05 Mar 2000) |
| growth phase | <microbiology> The characteristic periods in the growth of a bacterial culture, as indicated by the shape of a graph of viable cell number versus time. (09 Oct 1997) |
| phallic phase | In psychoanalytic personality theory, the stage in psychosexual development, occurring when a child is between 2 and 6 years of age, during which interest, curiosity, and pleasurable experiences are centreed around the penis in boys and the clitoris in girls. See: genital phase. (05 Mar 2000) |
| chronic phase | Refers to the early stages of chronic myelogenous leukaemia. The number of immature, abnormal white blood cells in the bone marrow and blood is higher than normal, but lower than in the accelerated or blast phase. (12 Dec 1998) |
| microscopy, phase-contrast | A form of interference microscopy in which variations of the refracting index in the object are converted into variations of intensity in the image. This is achieved by the action of a phase plate. (12 Dec 1998) |
| clinical trial, phase I | A pre-planned, usually controlled, clinical study of the safety and efficacy of diagnostic, therapeutic, or prophylactic drugs, devices, or techniques based on a small number of healthy persons and conducted over the period of about a year in either the united states or a foreign country. (12 Dec 1998) |
| clinical trial, phase II | A pre-planned, usually controlled, clinical study of the safety and efficacy of diagnostic, therapeutic, or prophylactic drugs, devices, or techniques based on several hundred volunteers, including a limited number of patients, and conducted over a period of about two years in either the united states or a foreign country. (12 Dec 1998) |
| clinical trial, phase III | A pre-planned, usually controlled, clinical study of the safety and efficacy of diagnostic, therapeutic, or prophylactic drugs, devices, or techniques after phase II trials. A large enough group of patients is studied and closely monitored by physicians for adverse response to long-term exposure, over a period of about three years in either the united states or a foreign country. (12 Dec 1998) |
| clinical trial, phase IV | Planned post-marketing studies of diagnostic, therapeutic, or prophylactic drugs, devices, or techniques that have been approved for general sale after clinical trials, phases I, II, and III. These studies, conducted in the united states or a foreign country, often garner additional data about the safety and efficacy of a product. (12 Dec 1998) |
| clinical trials, phase I | Studies performed to evaluate the safety of diagnostic, therapeutic, or prophylactic drugs, devices, or techniques in healthy subjects and to determine the safe dosage range (if appropriate). These tests also are used to determine pharmacologic and pharmacokinetic properties (toxicity, metabolism, absorption, elimination, and preferred route of administration). They involve a small number of persons and usually last about 1 year. This concept includes phase I studies conducted both in the u.s. And in other countries. (12 Dec 1998) |
| phase |
When something is in phase with another wave, it is said to be moving in the same direction and same wavelength, frequency, pitch etc. with the other wave.
출처: library.thinkquest.org/11924/glossary.html
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| phase I trial |
The first stage in testing a new drug in humans. The studies are usually done to gather preliminary information on the chemical action and safety of the drug using healthy volunteers. Usually done without a comparison group.
출처: www.aegis.com/pubs/cria/2003/CR030902.html
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| phase II trial |
The second stage in testing a new drug in humans. Performed in patients with the disease or condition being studied. The main purpose is to evaluate the activity of a drug, and to possibly provide information on how well the drug works.
출처: www.aegis.com/pubs/cria/2003/CR030902.html
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| phase III trial |
The third and usually final stage in testing a new drug in humans. Used to collect information about the safety of a drug and how well it works. Once this phase is complete, the drug manufacturers may request permission from the Food and Drug Administration to market the drug.
출처: www.aegis.com/pubs/cria/2003/CR030902.html
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| phase IV trial |
A large trial designed to evaluate the long-term safety and effectiveness of a drug that has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration.
출처: www.aegis.com/pubs/cria/2003/CR030902.html
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| phase | a large clinical trial of a treatment or drug that in phase I and phase II has been shown to be efficacious with tolerable side effects |
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| phase | a large clinical trial of a treatment or drug that in phase I and phase II has been shown to be efficacious with tolerable side effects |
| phase | introduce gradually |
| phase | sometimes the FDA approves a drug for general use but requires to manufacturer to continue to monitor its effects |
| phase | sometimes the FDA approves a drug for general use but requires to manufacturer to continue to monitor its effects |
| phase | modulation of the phase of the carrier wave |
| phase | a stage in meiosis or mitosis |
| phase | a time when the moon presents a particular recurring appearance |
| phase | terminate gradually |
| phase | a change from one state (solid or liquid or gas) to another without a change in chemical composition |
| phase | herbs of warm regions including most American beans |
| phase | East Indian legume having hairy foliage and small yellow flowers followed by cylindrical pods |