| 영문 | optic nerve | 한글 | 시각신경 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 시각을 인지하는 신경. 이 신경은 단지 감각신경으로서만 작용한다. 따라서 어떤 사물을 따라 눈을 움직일 수 있는 것은 이 시각신경과는 무관하다(이것은 눈돌림신경(oculomotor nerve)에 의해 가능하다). 또한 시각신경은 고위중추신경계인 뇌에서 직접 분지하므로 손상시 재생은 불가능하며, 이에 대한 치료법은 없다. |
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| 영문 | nerve | 한글 | 신경 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 여러 기관들의 서로간 상호연결체계가 바로 신경계이다. 이러한 신경계는 각 신경세포들에 의해 이루어지고 있으며, 여기에는 중추신경계(central nerve system: CNS)와 말초신경계(peripheral nerve system: PNS)가 있다. 중추신경계란 뇌와 척수를 말하며, 말초신경계는 12쌍의 뇌신경(cranial nerve: 뇌에서 기시하여 주로 얼굴부위와 목 부위에 분포한다)과 31쌍의 척수신경(spinal nerve: spinal cord에서 각기 양쪽으로 쌍을 이루어 나오는데 주로 목이하부위의 신체 각 부분으로 분포하게 된다)으로 구성되어 있다. 또한 말초신경계에는 앞에서 말한 뇌신경과 척수신경외에 자율신경계가 존재한다. 자율신경계는 다시 교감신경과 부교감신경으로 나뉘어져 서로간의 올바른 상호작용으로 몸속에서 여러 가지 작용을 수행한다. |
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| 영문 | nerve cell | 한글 | 신경세포 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 신경세포는 올바른 신경전달을 위한 각 부분별로 나뉘어져 있다. 신경세포에서는 전해져오는 자극을 전기적인 신호로 바뀌어 보내거나 받게 된다. 이런 전기적인 현상은 각 신경세포내에 존재하는 각 이온채널(ion channel: ion이란 나트륨, 칼륨 등을 지칭하는 말들로써, 이들이 세포막에 의해 나뉘어질 때 생기는 전압차가 전기적 자극을 일으키고 유지하는데 결정적인 역할을 한다)들의 작용에 의해 이루어지게 된다. |
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| greater alar cartilage | One of a pair of cartilages that form the tip of the nose. It consists of a medial crus that extends into the nasal septum with its fellow of the opposite side, and a lateral crus that forms the anterior part of the wing of the nose. Synonym: cartilago alaris major. (05 Mar 2000) |
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| greater arterial circle of iris | An arterial circle at the ciliary border of the iris. Synonym: circulus arteriosus iridis major. (05 Mar 2000) |
| greater circulation | The circulation of blood through the arteries, capillaries, and veins of the general system, from the left ventricle to the right atrium. Synonym: greater circulation. (05 Mar 2000) |
| greater cul-de-sac | The portion of the stomach that lies above the cardiac notch. Synonym: fundus gastricus, fundus ventriculi, greater cul-de-sac. (05 Mar 2000) |
| greater curvature of stomach | The border of the stomach to which the greater omentum is attached. Synonym: curvatura ventriculi major. (05 Mar 2000) |
| greater horn of hyoid bone | The larger and more lateral of the two processes on either side of the hyoid bone. Synonym: cornu majus ossis hyoidei. (05 Mar 2000) |
| greater multangular bone | Origin: NL, fr. Gr. A little table, an irregular four-sided figure, dim. Of a table, for; (see Tetra-) + foot, akin to foot; hence, originally, a table with four feet. See Foot. 1. <geometry> A plane figure bounded by four right lines, of which no two are parallel. 2. <anatomy> A bone of the carpus at the base of the first metacarpal, or thumb. A region on the ventral side of the brain, either just back of the pons Varolii, or, as in man, covered by the posterior extension of its transverse fibres. Source: Websters Dictionary (01 Mar 1998) |
| greater omentum | A peritoneal fold passing from the greater curvature of the stomach to the transverse colon, hanging like an apron in front of the intestines. Synonym: omentum majus, caul, cowl, epiploon, gastrocolic omentum, pileus, velum. Lesser omentum, a peritoneal fold passing from the margins of the porta hepatis and the bottom of the fissure of the ductus venosus to the lesser curvature of the stomach and to the the upper border of the duodenum for a distance of about 2 cm beyond the gastroduodenal pylorus. Synonym: omentum minus, gastrohepatic omentum, omentulum. (05 Mar 2000) |
| greater pectoral muscle | <anatomy, muscle> Origin, clavicular part (pars clavicularis), medial half of clavicle; sternocostal part (pars sternocostalis), anterior surface of manubrium and body of sternum and cartilages of first to sixth ribs; abdominal part (pars abdominalis), aponeurosis of external oblique; insertion, crest of greater tubercle of humerus; action, adducts and medially rotates arm; nerve supply, anterior thoracic. Synonym: musculus pectoralis major, greater pectoral muscle. (05 Mar 2000) |
| greater pelvis | The expanded portion of the pelvis above the brim. Synonym: pelvis major, false pelvis, large pelvis, pelvis spuria. (05 Mar 2000) |
| greater peritoneal cavity | The space enclosed by the peritoneum. It is divided into two portions, the greater sac and the lesser sac or omental bursa, which lies behind the stomach. The two sacs are connected by the foramen of winslow, or epiploic foramen. (12 Dec 1998) |
| greater posterior rectus muscle of head | <anatomy, muscle> Origin, spinous process of axis; insertion, middle of inferior nuchal line of occipital bone; action, rotates and draws head backward; nerve supply, dorsal branch of first cervical (suboccipital). See: suboccipital muscles. Synonym: musculus rectus capitis posterior major, greater posterior rectus muscle of head, musculus rectus capitis posticus major. (05 Mar 2000) |
| greater psoas muscle | <anatomy, muscle> Origin, bodies of vertebrae and intervertebral disks from the twelfth thoracic to the fifth lumbar, and transverse processes of the lumbar vertebrae; insertion, forms a common insertion with iliacus muscle into lesser trochanter of femur; action, flexes hip joint; nerve supply, lumbar plexus (ventral rami of first, second and usually third lumbar spinal nerves). Synonym: musculus psoas major, greater psoas muscle. (05 Mar 2000) |
| greater rhomboid muscle | <anatomy, muscle> Origin, spinous processes and corresponding supraspinous ligaments of first four thoracic vertebrae; insertion, medial border of scapula below spine; action, draws scapula toward vertebral column; nerve supply, dorsal of scapula nerve. Synonym: musculus rhomboideus major, greater rhomboid muscle. (05 Mar 2000) |
| greater ring of iris | The outer, broader of the two zones of the iris. Synonym: annulus iridis major. (05 Mar 2000) |