| 영문 | muscle biopsy | 한글 | 근육생검 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 생체내에서 근육에 대한 질병의 감별진단을 위해서 실시하는 검사법. 방법은 병터가 있는 부위나 혹은 없어도 크게 활동에 지장이 없는 근육부위의 조직을 떼어 현미경적으로 검사한다. 예를 들어 신경조직의 이상으로 인한 근육병터의 경우, 근육생검을 하여 관찰해보면 이른바 “무리진 위축(grouped atrophy)”이 나타나서, 다른 병터에 의한 것과 감별이 가능하다. |
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| 영문 | smooth muscle | 한글 | 민무늬근육, 평활근육 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 근육 중에서 가로무늬가 없는 근. 가로무늬근에 대응되는 말이다. 척추동물에서는 심장근 이외의 내장근은 모두가 민무늬근이다. 많은 내장장기의 벽에 분포되어 있으며, 대개 돌림층과 세로층의 두 층으로 배열되어 있다. 소화관이나 요관 같은 관모양의 구조에서는 꿈틀운동을 일으켜 내용물이 아래로 내려가게 하는 작용을 한다. 항문관, 위, 요도 등에서는 돌림층의 근육이 특히 두꺼워져 내용물이 내려가는 것을 조절하는 조임근육이 형성되어 있다. 혈관에는 돌림층만 있으며, 혈관을 수축하여 혈액을 쥐어짜는 작용을 한다. 또한 자율신경의 지배를 받으며, 우리의 의지와 관계없이 작용한다. |
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| 영문 | voluntary muscle | 한글 | 수의근 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 의지의 힘으로 움직일 수 있는 근육. 골격근 외에 피부 내의 피근, 관절주머니에 부착하고 있는 관절근 등이 여기에 속한다. 수의근의 근섬유에는 가로무늬가 있으므로 가로무늬근이라고도 하나, 심장근은 가로 무늬가 있어도 수의근이 아니므로 수의근과 가로무늬근은 동의어는 아니다. 수의근의 운동은 민무늬근보다 빠르다. 수의근이라 해도 골격근 등은 근육무리로서 움직일 수 있으나, 개개의 근육은 따로따로 마음대로 움직이게 할 수 없다. 귓바퀴근육은 사람의 경우 발육이 나빠 마음대로 움직이게 하기 어렵다. |
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| 영문 | facial muscle | 한글 | 얼굴근육 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 얼굴의 피부를 움직이고 이에 부착되어 있는 얼굴신경의 공급을 받는 수많은 근육을 포함하는 얼굴표정근이나 모방근. |
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| LM | lactic acid mineral [medium]; lactose malabsorption; laryngeal mask; laryngeal muscle; lateral malle... |
|---|---|
| MG | Marcus Gunn [pupil]; margin; medial gastrocnemius [muscle]; membranous glomerulonephritis; menopausa... |
| MS | Maffuci syndrome; maladjustment score; mandibular series; Marfan syndrome; Marie-Strumpell [syndrome... |
| PM | after death (Lat. post mortem); after noon [Lat. post meridiem]; mean pressure; pacemaker; pantomogr... |
| NPO | Nulli(Non) Per Os; Nothing by Mouth; 금식 |
| vestibule of mouth | That part of the mouth bounded anteriorly and laterally by the lips and the cheeks, posteriorly and medially by the teeth and/or gums, and above and below by the reflections of the mucosa from the lips and cheeks to the gums. Synonym: vestibulum oris, buccal cavity, vestibule of mouth. (05 Mar 2000) |
|---|---|
| glands of mouth | Glands that empty into the oral cavity. Synonym: glandulae oris. (05 Mar 2000) |
| roof of mouth | 1. <anatomy> The roof of the mouth. The fixed portion, or palate proper, supported by the maxillary and palatine bones, is called the hard palate to distinguish it from the membranous and muscular curtain which separates the cavity of the mouth from the pharynx and is called the soft palate, or velum. 2. Relish; taste; liking; a sense originating in the mistaken notion that the palate is the organ of taste. "Hard task! to hit the palate of such guests." (Pope) 3. Mental relish; intellectual taste. 4. <botany> A projection in the throat of such flowers as the snapdragon. Origin: L. Palatum: cf. F. Palais, Of. Also palat. Source: Websters Dictionary (01 Mar 1998) |
| mouth | Origin: OE. Mouth, mu, AS. M; akin to D. Mond, OS. M, G. Mund, Icel. Mur, munnr, Sw. Mun, Dan. Mund, Goth. Muns, and possibly L. Mentum chin; or cf. D. Muil mouth, muzzle, G. Maul, OHG. Mla, Icel. Mli, and Skr. Mukha mouth. 1. The opening through which an animal receives food; the aperture between the jaws or between the lips; also, the cavity, containing the tongue and teeth, between the lips and the pharynx; the buccal cavity. 2. Hence: An opening affording entrance or exit; orifice; aperture; as: The opening of a vessel by which it is filled or emptied, charged or discharged; as, the mouth of a jar or pitcher; the mouth of the lacteal vessels, etc. The opening or entrance of any cavity, as a cave, pit, well, or den. The opening of a piece of ordnance, through which it is discharged. The opening through which the waters of a river or any stream are discharged. The entrance into a harbor. 3. The crosspiece of a bridle bit, which enters the mouth of an animal. 4. A principal speaker; one who utters the common opinion; a mouthpiece. "Every coffeehouse has some particular statesman belonging to it, who is the mouth of the street where he lives." (Addison) 5. Cry; voice. 6. Speech; language; testimony. "That in the mouth of two or three witnesses every word may be established." (Matt. Xviii. 16) 7. A wry face; a grimace; a mow. "Counterfeit sad looks, Make mouths upon me when I turn my back." (Shak) Down in the mouth, chapfallen; of dejected countenance; depressed; discouraged. Mouth friend, one who professes friendship insincerely. Mouth glass, a small mirror for inspecting the mouth or teeth. Mouth honor, honor given in words, but not felt. Mouth organ. Pan's pipes. See Pandean. An harmonicon. Mouth pipe, an organ pipe with a lip or plate to cut the escaping air and make a sound. To stop the mouth, to silence or be silent; to put to shame; to confound. "The mouth of them that speak lies shall be stopped." (Ps. Lxiii. 11) "Whose mouths must be stopped." (Titus i. 11) Source: Websters Dictionary (01 Mar 1998) |
| mouth abnormalities | Congenital absence of or defects in structures of the mouth. (12 Dec 1998) |
| mouth breathing | Abnormal breathing through the mouth, usually associated with obstructive disorders of the nasal passages. (12 Dec 1998) |
| mouth, edentulous | Having teeth in neither the mandible nor the maxilla. (12 Dec 1998) |
| mouth-footed | <zoology> Having the basal joints of the legs converted into jaws. Source: Websters Dictionary (01 Mar 1998) |
| mouth-made | Spoken without sincerity; not heartfelt. "Mouth-made vows." Source: Websters Dictionary (01 Mar 1998) |
| mouth mirror | A small mirror on a handle used to facilitate visualization in the examination of the teeth. (05 Mar 2000) |
| mouth of the womb | The vaginal opening of the uterus. Synonym: ostium uteri, mouth of the womb, opening of uterus, orificium externum uteri, os uteri externum, ostium uteri externum. (05 Mar 2000) |
| mouth protectors | Devices or pieces of equipment placed in or around the mouth or attached to instruments to protect the external or internal tissues of the mouth and the teeth. (12 Dec 1998) |
| mouth rehabilitation | Restoration of the form and function of the masticatory apparatus to as nearly a normal condition as possible. (05 Mar 2000) |
| mouth stick | A prosthesis which is held by the teeth and utilised by handicapped persons to perform such actions as typing, painting, and lifting small objects. (05 Mar 2000) |
| mouth ulcers | Circular painful ulcers with a surrounding red margin that are usually 1-2mm in diameter (can be up to 1.0 cm). Heal in 1-2 weeks but can be recurrent. Often caused by a virus in the Herpes family. Synonym: aphthous ulcers. (27 Sep 1997) |