| ECR | effectiveness-cost ratio; electrocardiographic response; emergency care research; emergency chemical... |
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| EMRC | European Medical Research Council |
| EOR | European Organization for Research; exclusive operating room |
| EORTC | European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer |
| SPR | sepiapterin reductase; serial probe recognition; specific pathogen free; Society for Pediatric Radio... |
| receptors, histamine h1 | A class of histamine receptors discriminated by their pharmacology and mode of action. most histamine h1 receptors operate through the inositol phosphate/diacylglycerol second messenger system. Among the many responses mediated by these receptors are smooth muscle contraction, increased vascular permeability, hormone release, and cerebral glyconeogenesis. (12 Dec 1998) |
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| receptors, histamine h2 | A class of histamine receptors discriminated by their pharmacology and mode of action. Histamine h2 receptors act via g-proteins to stimulate adenylate cylase. Among the many responses mediated by these receptors are gastric acid secretion, smooth muscle relaxation, inotropic and chronotropic effects on heart muscle, and inhibition of lymphocyte function. (12 Dec 1998) |
| receptors, histamine h3 | A class of histamine receptors discriminated by their pharmacology and mode of action. Histamine h3 receptors were first recognised as inhibitory autoreceptors on histamine-containing nerve terminals and have since been shown to regulate the release of several neurotransmitters in the central and peripheral nervous systems. (12 Dec 1998) |
| histamine | <biochemistry> Formed by decarboxylation of histidine. Potent pharmacological agent acting through receptors in smooth muscle and in secretory systems. Stored in mast cells and released by antigen. (See hypersensitivity). Responsible for the early symptoms of anaphylaxis. Also present in some venoms. (18 Nov 1997) |
| histamine agents | Drugs used for their actions on histaminergic systems. Included are drugs that act at histamine receptors, affect the life cycle of histamine, or affect the state of histaminergic cells. (12 Dec 1998) |
| histamine agonist | Drugs that bind to and activate histamine receptors. Although they have been suggested for a variety of clinical applications histamine agonists have so far been more widely used in research than therapeutically. (12 Dec 1998) |
| histamine antagonists | Drugs that bind to but do not activate histamine receptors, thereby blocking the actions of histamine or histamine agonist. Classical antihistaminics block the histamine h1 receptors only. (12 Dec 1998) |
| histamine-fast | Indicating the absence of the normal response to histamine, especially in speaking of true gastric anacidity. (05 Mar 2000) |
| histamine flush | Vasodilatation and erythema occurring as a result of release of histamine; thought to be a factor in genesis of flush of carcinoid syndrome. (05 Mar 2000) |
| histamine h1 antagonists | Drugs that selectively bind to but do not activate histamine h1 receptors, thereby blocking the actions of endogenous histamine. Included here are the classical antihistaminics that antagonise or prevent the action of histamine mainly in immediate hypersensitivity. They act in the bronchi, capillaries, and some other smooth muscles, and are used to prevent or allay motion sickness, seasonal rhinitis, and allergic dermatitis and to induce somnolence. The effects of blocking central nervous system h1 receptors are not as well understood. (12 Dec 1998) |
| histamine h2 antagonists | Drugs that selectively bind to but do not activate histamine h2 receptors, thereby blocking the actions of histamine. Their clinically most important action is the inhibition of acid secretion in the treatment of gastrointestinal ulcers. Smooth muscle may also be affected. Some drugs in this class have strong effects in the central nervous system, but these actions are not well understood. (12 Dec 1998) |
| histamine headache | A term used to describe a headache that is typified by constant, unilateral pain around the eye, with onset usually within 2-3 hours of falling asleep. Can be accompanied by a blocked nasal passage, runny nose, and-or tearing. One may also notice facial flushing, ptosis (dropping eyelid), facial swelling and constriction of the pupils. (27 Sep 1997) |
| histamine liberators | Substances that cause the release of histamine from mast cells or basophils. (05 Mar 2000) |
| histamine n-methyltransferase | <enzyme> An enzyme that catalyses the transfer of a methyl group from s-adenosylmethionine to histamine, forming n-methylhistamine, the major metabolite of histamine in man. Chemical name: S-Adenosyl-L-methionine:histamine N-tele-methyltransferase Registry number: EC 2.1.1.8 (12 Dec 1998) |
| histamine release | The secretion of histamine from mast cell and basophil granules by exocytosis. This can be initiated by a number of factors, all of which involve binding of IgE, cross-linked by antigen, to the mast cell or basophil's fc receptors. Once released, histamine binds to a number of different target cell receptors and exerts a wide variety of effects. (12 Dec 1998) |