| 영문 | acetic acid | 한글 | 아세트산, 초산 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 분자식은 C2H4O2, 분자량 60.05의 저급 지방산이다. CH3COOH의 구조식을 가진 무색액체로 16.7℃에서 녹고 118.0℃에서 끓는다. 식초의 신맛을 내는 것이고, 농축된 것을 빙초산이라 한다. 상온에서는 액체이며 수용액은 약산성이다. 생체내에서는 일반적으로 아세틸 CoA로 존재하며 아세틸기의 공급원이 되는 외에 지방산이나 스테로이드 등의 생성재료로 중요하다. 아세틸 CoA로부터는 케톤체가 합성되며 조직의 에너지원이 된다. |
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| 영문 | acetylsalicylic acid | 한글 | 아세틸살리실산 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 상품명이 아스피린(asprin)인 약. 대표적인 비스테로이드 항염약이다. 즉 항염증(anti-inflammatory), 진통(analgesis), 해열(anti-pyretic)의 효과가 모두 뛰어나지만 위장장애, 과다호흡, 라이증후군(Reye syndrome) 등의 부작용이 있다. |
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| 영문 | uric acid | 한글 | 요산 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 결정성의 산. 2, 6, 8-trioxypurine. 화학식은 C5H4N4O3로 사람과 동물의 오줌에서 얻을 수 있다. 핵의 대사산물의 하나. 물, 알콜, 에테르(ether)에는 거의 녹지 않으나 알칼리염의 용액에는 녹는다. 이것의 나트륨염 형태(sodium urate)가 결석의 대부분을 차지한다. 급성백혈병 치료 초기단계와 통풍(Gout)에서 혈중요산이 급격히 오를 수 있다. |
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| 영문 | acid-fast bacillus | 한글 | 항산막대균, 항산균 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 아닐린 색소에 염색되기 힘드나 일단 염색되면 강산으로 처리하여도 탈색되지 아니하는 세균을 통틀어 이르는 말. 결해균, 나병균 따위가 있다. |
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| 영문 | acid-fast staining | 한글 | 항산염색 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 항산성성질(좀처럼 염색이 되지 않으나 한번 염색이 되면 산성용액에 의해서 탈색이 되지 않는 성질)을 가진 균(예를 들면 결핵균 등)의 검출에 이용되는 염색방법. 방법에는 Ziehl-Neelson법과 Kinyoun법 등이 있다. |
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| CNBP | cellular nucleic acid binding protein |
|---|---|
| INA | infectious nucleic acid; inferior nasal artery; International Neurological Association |
| NAP | nasion, point A, pogonion [convexity or concavity of the facial profile]; nerve action potential; ne... |
| NBP | needle biopsy of prostate; neoplastic brachial plexopathy; nucleic acid binding protein |
| PA | panic attack; pantothenic acid; paralysis agitans; paranoia; passive aggressive; pathology; patient'... |
| vectorial synthesis | <cell biology> Term usually applied to the mode of synthesis of proteins destined for export from the cell. As the protein is made it moves (vectorially) through the membrane of the rough endoplasmic reticulum, to which the ribosome is attached and into the cisternal space. (06 Mar 2000) |
|---|---|
| gene synthesis | <molecular biology> The complete synthesis of a gene using a DNA synthesiser (gene machine), or the assembly of oligonucleotides so synthesised into a synthetic gene, as opposed to cloning. (14 Nov 1997) |
| cell-free protein synthesis | <technique> An in vitro method to make proteins, using amino acids, the mRNA corresponding to the protein to be made, and a cell-free extract (the contents of a cell after removal of the cell wall and/or outer cell membranes) for other needed components and enzymes. (26 Mar 1998) |
| cellular immunodeficiency with abnormal immunoglobulin synthesis | An ill-defined group of sporadic disorders of unknown cause, occurring in both males and females and associated with recurrent bacterial, fungal, protozoal, and viral infections; there is thymic hypoplasia with depressed cellular (T-lymphocyte) immunity combined with defective humoral (B-lymphocyte) immunity, although immunoglobulin levels may be normal. Synonym: Nezelof syndrome, Nezelof type of thymic alymphoplasia. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Merrifield synthesis | The synthesis of peptides and proteins via an automated system on carrier polymers. (05 Mar 2000) |
| chiral synthesis | <chemistry> The production of chiral compounds in only one enantiomer, or handedness. (See chirality) (05 Jan 1998) |
| coordinated enzyme synthesis | The regulatory mechanism where an entire group of different enzymes, all of which play a part in the same metabolic process, is synthesised at the same time. This comes about because the chemical signal to begin synthesis of each enzyme is the same for all of them. (09 Oct 1997) |
| protein synthesis | The process in which individual amino acids, whether of exogenous or endogenous origin, are connected to each other in peptide linkage in a specific order dictated by the sequence of nucleotides in DNA; this governing sequence is conveyed to the synthesizing apparatus in the ribosomes by mRNA, formed by base-pairing on the DNA template. (05 Mar 2000) |
| protein synthesis inhibitor | Compounds which inhibit the synthesis of proteins. They are usually antibiotics or toxins. Mechanism of the action of inhibition includes the interruption of peptide-chain elongation, the blocking the the a site of ribosomes, the misreading of the genetic code or the prevention of the attachment of oligosaccharide side chains to glycoproteins. (12 Dec 1998) |
| synthesis | 1. <biochemistry, chemistry> The artificial building up of a chemical compound, by the union of its elements or from other suitable starting materials. 2. <psychiatry> The integration of the various elements of the personality, the opposite of analysis. Origin: Gr. = a putting together, composition (19 Jan 1998) |
| synthesis of continuity | Healing of the edges of a wound or fracture. (05 Mar 2000) |
| synthesis period | The period of the cell cycle when there is synthesis of DNA and histone; it occurs between Gap1 and Gap2. Synonym: S phase. (05 Mar 2000) |
| DNA synthesis | <molecular biology> The linking together of nucleotides (as deoxyribonucleotide triphosphates) to form DNA. In vivo, most synthesis is DNA replication, but incorporation of precursors also occurs in repair. In the special case of retroviruses, DNA synthesis is directed by an RNA template (see reverse transcriptase). (18 Nov 1997) |
| enzymatic synthesis | Synthesis by enzymes. See: biosynthesis. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Kiliani-Fischer synthesis | A synthetic procedure for the extension of the carbon atom chain of aldoses by treatment with cyanide; hydrolysis of the cyanohydrins followed by reduction of the lactone yields the homologous aldose; with this method, d-glucose and d-mannose can be synthesised from d-arabinose. (05 Mar 2000) |