| 영문 | bone | 한글 | 뼈, 골 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 구성－뼈(뼈조직). 이 조직은 굉장히 단단한 조직으로 뼈모세포에 의해서 생성된다. 뼈모세포가 생성한 이 조직은 뼈세포라는 세포를 동심원모양으로 쌓고 있다. 태아시기에는 모든 뼈가 연골조직으로 되어있다. 이런 연골조직이 발생하면서 점점 칼슘염의 침착에 의해서 뼈조직이 생긴다. 그리고 어린이의 경우에는 뼈끝판(epiphyseal plate)라는 곳이 있는데 이곳도 역시 연골조직으로 되어있어서 지속적으로 연골조직을 만들고 칼슘염의 침착이 생겨서 뼈의 성장이 된다. 양쪽에 넓어진 곳을 뼈끝(epiphysis)라고 하고 막대모양의 중간부분을 뼈몸통(diaphysis)라고 하고 이 양쪽의 이행부위를 뼈몸통끝(metaphysis)라고 한다. 뼈끝과 뼈몸통끝의 경계부위에 어린이에게선 뼈끝판(epiphyseal plate)라는 것이 존재하는데, 이곳은 연골조직으로 되어있으며 뼈의 길이성장에 중요한 역할을 하는 것이다. 어른이 되면 이곳의 연골조직은 모두 골조직으로 변화되어 줄모양의 흔적이 남는데, 이것을 뼈끝선이라고 한다. 긴뼈를 절단해 보면 겉으로는 매우 단단하고 조직이 치밀하고, 그 안쪽에는 겉에 비해서 무르고, 조직이 성긴 곳이 있는 걸 알 수가 있다. 겉의 단단한 곳을 치밀뼈(compact bone) 혹은 겉질뼈(cortical bone)이라고 한다. 여기에는 뼈조직이 동심원 모양을 이루고 치밀하게 배열되어 있고 그 동심원 내부에는 뼈세포가 위치하고 있다. 그리고 동심원의 중간에는 관이 있어서 이곳을 통해서 혈액과 영양분이 공급되는데 이관을 중심관(하버스관)이라고 한다. 그리고 내부에 위치한 성긴 곳을 갯솜뼈(Sponge Bone)이라고 한다. 역시 뼈조직으로 이루어진 곳이지만 그 배열이 치밀뼈에 비해서 성기고 외부의 힘에 대한 저항도 약한 조직이다. 이 조직의 내부에는 혈액의 세포를 생성하는 골수라는 것이 존재한다. 짧은 뼈(short bone)－손목이나 발목에서 볼 수 있는 짧고 모양이 불규칙한 뼈. 납작뼈(flat bone)－머리나 골반의 뼈와 같이 납작한 모양의 뼈. 종자뼈(sesamoid bone)－작고 구형인 뼈. 관절주위에 존재한다. 개개인에 따라서 존재하기도 하고 그렇지 않기도 한다. |
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| 영문 | bone age | 한글 | 뼈나이, 골연령 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 생리적 연령의 일종으로 나이를 더함에 따른 뼈의 성숙도를 평가하여 어린이의 전신발육을 판정하는 것이다. 뼈나이 평가에는 손목뼈나 발목뼈의 X선사진을 바탕으로 각 화골중심의 형태나 수를 평가한다. 손목뼈의 화골개수를 세는 방법은 간단해서 그의 수는 난 해를 포함한 연령과 거의 일치하지만 뼈발육의 지속을 가늠할 수 있다. |
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| 영문 | bone scan | 한글 | 뼈스캔 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 뼈의 무기질은 칼슘과 인산염으로 이루어져 있다. 그래서 뼈에 병터가 있는 경우에는 뼈의 인산염분포나 양이 변화하게 된다. 이것을 이용하여 인산염에다가 방사선을 내보내는 물질을 붙여 환자에게 투여하고 그 물질이 내보내는 방사선을 이용하여 영상을 만들어서 뼈의 전반적인 상태나 병터의 발견에 이용하는 방법을 뼈스캔(bone scan)이라고 한다. |
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| 영문 | mandibular bone, mandible | 한글 | 아래턱뼈, 하악골 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 얼굴을 구성하는 뼈의 한 종류로써, 흔히 말하는 "턱"을 이루는 뼈를 말한다. 얼굴뼈를 이루는 뼈는 위턱뼈(maxillary bone), 아래뼈(mandibular bone), 눈물뼈(lacrimal bone), 코뼈(nasal bone), 광대뼈(zygomatic bone), 보습뼈(vomer) 등이 있다. |
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| 영문 | red bone marrow | 한글 | 적색골수 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 분화중의 갈비뼈, 척추뼈나 그 외의 많은 작은 뼈에 있는 활동성 골수이다. 적혈구나 과립백혈구의 생산 장소이다. |
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| BMC | blood mononuclear cell; bone marrow cell; bone mineral content |
|---|---|
| BMD | Becker's muscular dystrophy; Boehringer Mannheim Diagnostics; bone marrow depression; bone mineral d... |
| HCG, hCG | Human Chorionic Gonadotropin; 사람융모성성선자극호르몬 1. Placental Glycoprotein Hormone &nbs... |
| PPRF | Pontine Paramedian Reticular Formation |
| DMRF | dorsal medullary reticular formation |
| new | 1. Having existed, or having been made, but a short time; having originated or occured lately; having recently come into existence, or into one's possession; not early or long in being; of late origin; recent; fresh; modern; opposed to old, as, a new coat; a new house; a new book; a new fashion. "Your new wife." 2. Not before seen or known, although existing before; lately manifested; recently discovered; as, a new metal; a new planet; new scenes. 3. Newly beginning or recurring; starting anew; now commencing; different from has been; as, a new year; a new course or direction. 4. As if lately begun or made; having the state or quality of original freshness; also, changed for the better; renovated; unworn; untried; unspent; as, rest and travel made him a new man. "Steadfasty purposing to lead a new life." (Bk. Of Com. Prayer) "Men after long emaciating diets, fat, and almost new." (Bacon) 5. Not of ancient extraction, or of a family of ancient descent; not previously kniwn or famous. 6. Not habituated; not familiar; unaccustomed. "New to the plow, unpracticed in the trace." (Pope) 7. Fresh from anything; newly come. "New from her sickness to that northern air." (Dryden) New birth. See Birth. New Church, or New Jerusalem Church, the church holding the doctrines taught by Emanuel Swedenborg. See Swedenborgian. New heart, an old name for the formation immediately above the coal measures or strata, now divided into the Permian and Trias. See Sandstone. New style. See Style. New testament. See Testament. New world, the land of the Western Hemisphere; so called because not known to the inhabitants of the Eastern Hemisphere until recent times. Synonym: Novel, recent, fresh, modern. See Novel. Origin: OE. OE. Newe, AS. Niwe, neowe; akin to D. Nieuw, OS. Niwi, OHG. Niuwi, G. Neu, Icel. Nr, Dan. & Sw. Ny, Goth. Niujis, Lith. Naujas, Russ. Novuii, Ir. Nua, nuadh, Gael. Nuadh, W. Newydd, Armor. Nevez, L. Novus, gr, Skr. Nava, and prob. To E. Now. 263. See Now, and cf. Announce, Innovate, Neophyte, Novel. Source: Websters Dictionary (01 Mar 1998) |
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| new brunswick | A province of eastern canada, one of the maritime provinces with nova scotia, prince edward island, and sometimes newfoundland. Its capital is fredericton. It was named in honor of king george III, of the house of hanover, also called brunswick. (12 Dec 1998) |
| new caledonia | A group of islands in melanesia constituting a french overseas territory. The group includes new caledonia (the main island), ile des pins, loyalty island, and several other islet groups. The capital is noumea. It was discovered by captain cook in 1774 and visited by various navigators, explorers, and traders from 1792 to 1840. Occupied by the french in 1853, it was set up as a penal colony 1864-94. In 1946 it was made a french overseas territory. It was named by captain cook with the 5th and 6th century a.d. Latin name for scotland, caledonia. (12 Dec 1998) |
| new combination | The new name that results from the transfer of a microorganism from one genus to another; the generic name changes but, in most cases, the specific epithet remains the same. (05 Mar 2000) |
| new duck disease | A contagious disease of young ducks and turkeys caused by the bacterium Pasteurella anatipestifer and characterised in ducks by ocular and nasal discharges, coughing and sneezing, and incoordination, and in turkeys by dyspnea, droopiness, lameness, and a twisted neck. Synonym: new duck disease. (05 Mar 2000) |
| new england | The geographic area of new england in general and when the specific state or states are not indicated. States usually included in this region are maine, new hampshire, vermont, massachusetts, connecticut, and rhode island. (12 Dec 1998) |
| new growth | <oncology, pathology> New and abnormal growth of tissue, which may be benign or cancerous. (16 Dec 1997) |
| new guinea | Originally an island of the malay archipelago, the second largest island in the world. It divided, west new guinea becoming part of indonesia and east new guinea becoming papua new guinea. (12 Dec 1998) |
| New Hampshire rule | Pioneering American test of criminal responsibility (1871): "if the [criminal] act was the offspring of insanity, a criminal intent did not produce it." (05 Mar 2000) |
| new methylene blue | A basic thiazin dye, C18H22N3SCl, used for supravital staining of reticulocytes in blood smears. (05 Mar 2000) |
| new mutation | Redundant term for a heritable trait present in the offspring but in neither parent, i.e., not a pre-existing mutant form inherited. (05 Mar 2000) |
| new south wales | A state in southeastern Australia. Its capital is sydney. It was discovered by captain cook in 1770 and first settled at botany bay by marines and convicts in 1788. It was named by captain cook who thought its coastline resembled that of south wales. (12 Dec 1998) |
| New World leishmaniasis | A grave disease caused by Leishmania braziliensis braziliensis, endemic in southern Mexico and Central and South America, except for the equatorial region of Chile; the organism does not invade the viscera, and the disease is limited to the skin and mucous membranes, the lesions resembling the sores of cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by L. Mexicana or L. Tropica; the chancrous sores heal after a time, but some months or years later, fungating and eroding forms of ulceration may appear on the tongue and buccal or nasal mucosa; many variants of the disease exist, marked by differences in distribution, vector, epidemiology, and pathology, which suggest that it may in fact be caused by a number of closely related aetiological agents. See: espundia. Synonym: American leishmaniasis, leishmaniasis americana, nasopharyngeal leishmaniasis, New World leishmaniasis. (05 Mar 2000) |
| new yellow enzyme | The d-amino-acid oxidase found in yeast, a flavoenzyme, which contains FAD as coenzyme instead of FMN as does NADPH dehydrogenase; so-called to distinguish it from Warburg's old yellow enzyme. Compare: amino acid oxidases. (05 Mar 2000) |
| New York Heart Association classification | A functional classification to assess cardiovascular disability. Class I: patients with cardiac disease without limitation of physical activity. Ordinary activity does not cause symptoms. Class II: patients with cardiac disease with slight limitation of activity; comfortable at rest. Ordinary physical activity results in fatigue, palpitation, dyspnea or angina. Class III: patients with cardiac disease producing marked limitation of activity: comfortable at rest. Less than ordinary physical activity causes symptoms. Class IV: patients with cardiac disease resulting in inability to carry on any physical activity without discomfort. Symptoms may be present even at rest. (05 Mar 2000) |