| 영문 | optic nerve | 한글 | 시각신경 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 시각을 인지하는 신경. 이 신경은 단지 감각신경으로서만 작용한다. 따라서 어떤 사물을 따라 눈을 움직일 수 있는 것은 이 시각신경과는 무관하다(이것은 눈돌림신경(oculomotor nerve)에 의해 가능하다). 또한 시각신경은 고위중추신경계인 뇌에서 직접 분지하므로 손상시 재생은 불가능하며, 이에 대한 치료법은 없다. |
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| 영문 | nerve | 한글 | 신경 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 여러 기관들의 서로간 상호연결체계가 바로 신경계이다. 이러한 신경계는 각 신경세포들에 의해 이루어지고 있으며, 여기에는 중추신경계(central nerve system: CNS)와 말초신경계(peripheral nerve system: PNS)가 있다. 중추신경계란 뇌와 척수를 말하며, 말초신경계는 12쌍의 뇌신경(cranial nerve: 뇌에서 기시하여 주로 얼굴부위와 목 부위에 분포한다)과 31쌍의 척수신경(spinal nerve: spinal cord에서 각기 양쪽으로 쌍을 이루어 나오는데 주로 목이하부위의 신체 각 부분으로 분포하게 된다)으로 구성되어 있다. 또한 말초신경계에는 앞에서 말한 뇌신경과 척수신경외에 자율신경계가 존재한다. 자율신경계는 다시 교감신경과 부교감신경으로 나뉘어져 서로간의 올바른 상호작용으로 몸속에서 여러 가지 작용을 수행한다. |
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| 영문 | nerve cell | 한글 | 신경세포 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 신경세포는 올바른 신경전달을 위한 각 부분별로 나뉘어져 있다. 신경세포에서는 전해져오는 자극을 전기적인 신호로 바뀌어 보내거나 받게 된다. 이런 전기적인 현상은 각 신경세포내에 존재하는 각 이온채널(ion channel: ion이란 나트륨, 칼륨 등을 지칭하는 말들로써, 이들이 세포막에 의해 나뉘어질 때 생기는 전압차가 전기적 자극을 일으키고 유지하는데 결정적인 역할을 한다)들의 작용에 의해 이루어지게 된다. |
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| 영문 | facial nerve | 한글 | 얼굴신경 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 표정근을 지배하는 큰 운동신경과 작은 중간신경으로 구성된다. 좁은 의미의 얼굴신경과 중간신경으로 이루어지는 혼합신경이다. 속귀신경과 함께 속귓길로 들어가고 그 바닥에서 속귀신경과 갈라져 얼굴신경관으로 들어가, 거의 직각으로 구부러지는 부분을 얼굴신경무릎이라 하며, 여기에 무릎신경마디가 있다. |
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shelf force
| cohesive force | <physics> An intermolecular force between like molecules, important in the phenomenon of surface tension. (09 Oct 1997) |
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| component of force | One of the factors from which a resultant force may be compounded or into which it may be resolved, one of the vectors into which a force may be resolved. (05 Mar 2000) |
| coriolis force | The apparent deflection (coriolis acceleration) of a body in motion with respect to the earth, as seen by an observer on the earth, attributed to a fictitious force (coriolis force) but actually caused by the rotation of the earth. In a medical context it refers to the physiological effects (nausea, vertigo, dizziness, etc.) felt by a person moving radially in a rotating system, as a rotating space station. (12 Dec 1998) |
| coulomb's force | <radiobiology> See Coulomb's Law. Synonym: electrostatic force. (09 Oct 1997) |
| pound force | (sometimes abbreviated lb(f)) A force which will accelerate one pound mass at a rate of 32.2 ft/second(2). (05 Dec 1998) |
| proton-motive force | Energy that is generated by the transfer of protons or electrons across an energy-transducing membrane and that can be used for chemical, osmotic, or mechanical work. Proton-motive force can be generated by a variety of phenomena including the operation of an electron transport chain, illumination of a purple membrane, and the hydrolysis of ATP by a proton atpase. (12 Dec 1998) |
| psychic force | In psychoanalysis, a hypothetical mental force, analogous to the physical concept of energy, which enables and vitalises an individual's psychological activity. See: libido. Synonym: psychic force. (05 Mar 2000) |
| dispersion force | Forces of attraction between atoms or nonpolar molecules that result from the formation of induced dipoles. Sometimes referred to as London dispersion forces. Important in the DLVO theory of colloid flocculation and thus in theories of cell adhesion. (18 Nov 1997) |
| dynamic force | <radiobiology> Typically defined as the ability to do work. Power is the rate at which work is done, or the rate at which energy is changed. Work characterises the degree to which the properties of a substance are transformed. Energy exists in many forms, which can be converted from one to another in various ways. Examples include: gravitational energy, electrical energy, magnetic and electric field energy, atomic binding energy (a form of electrical energy really), nuclear binding energy, chemical energy (another form of electrical energy), in addition to these forms of potential energy there are also kinetic energy (energy due to motion), and thermal energy (heat, a form of kinetic energy where the motion is due to thermal vibrations/motions), and so on. (09 Oct 1997) |
| occlusal force | The result of muscular force applied on opposing teeth. (05 Mar 2000) |
| electrodynamic force | London Van der Waals forces: See: DLVO theory. (18 Nov 1997) |
| electromagnetic force | <physics> One of the fundamental forces of interaction which influences charged entities. In quantum field theory, the electromagnetic force is mediated by particles of exchange called (virtual) photons. Photons are massless and travel at the speed of light c. The electromagnetic force obeys an inverse square law, which makes sense because it is mediated by particles that have an infinite lifetime (special-relativistically, time stops in a frame moving at c when observed from a non-moving frame). (05 Jan 1998) |
| electromotive force | The force (measured in volts) that causes the flow of electricity from one point to another. (05 Mar 2000) |
| electrostatic force | <radiobiology> Like charges in close proximity produce forces of repulsion between them. Consequently if two surfaces bear appreciable and approximately equal densities of charged groups on their surfaces appreciable forces of repulsion may occur between them. The range of these forces is determined in the main by the ionic strength of the intervening medium, forces being of minimal range at high ionic strength. The forces are effective over approximately twice the double layer thickness. See: DLVO theory. (18 Nov 1997) |
| unit of force | CGS system: dyne, FPS system: poundal, MKS system: newton,SI: newton. (05 Mar 2000) |