| 영문 | optic nerve | 한글 | 시각신경 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 시각을 인지하는 신경. 이 신경은 단지 감각신경으로서만 작용한다. 따라서 어떤 사물을 따라 눈을 움직일 수 있는 것은 이 시각신경과는 무관하다(이것은 눈돌림신경(oculomotor nerve)에 의해 가능하다). 또한 시각신경은 고위중추신경계인 뇌에서 직접 분지하므로 손상시 재생은 불가능하며, 이에 대한 치료법은 없다. |
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| 영문 | nerve | 한글 | 신경 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 여러 기관들의 서로간 상호연결체계가 바로 신경계이다. 이러한 신경계는 각 신경세포들에 의해 이루어지고 있으며, 여기에는 중추신경계(central nerve system: CNS)와 말초신경계(peripheral nerve system: PNS)가 있다. 중추신경계란 뇌와 척수를 말하며, 말초신경계는 12쌍의 뇌신경(cranial nerve: 뇌에서 기시하여 주로 얼굴부위와 목 부위에 분포한다)과 31쌍의 척수신경(spinal nerve: spinal cord에서 각기 양쪽으로 쌍을 이루어 나오는데 주로 목이하부위의 신체 각 부분으로 분포하게 된다)으로 구성되어 있다. 또한 말초신경계에는 앞에서 말한 뇌신경과 척수신경외에 자율신경계가 존재한다. 자율신경계는 다시 교감신경과 부교감신경으로 나뉘어져 서로간의 올바른 상호작용으로 몸속에서 여러 가지 작용을 수행한다. |
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| 영문 | nerve cell | 한글 | 신경세포 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 신경세포는 올바른 신경전달을 위한 각 부분별로 나뉘어져 있다. 신경세포에서는 전해져오는 자극을 전기적인 신호로 바뀌어 보내거나 받게 된다. 이런 전기적인 현상은 각 신경세포내에 존재하는 각 이온채널(ion channel: ion이란 나트륨, 칼륨 등을 지칭하는 말들로써, 이들이 세포막에 의해 나뉘어질 때 생기는 전압차가 전기적 자극을 일으키고 유지하는데 결정적인 역할을 한다)들의 작용에 의해 이루어지게 된다. |
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| 영문 | facial nerve | 한글 | 얼굴신경 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 표정근을 지배하는 큰 운동신경과 작은 중간신경으로 구성된다. 좁은 의미의 얼굴신경과 중간신경으로 이루어지는 혼합신경이다. 속귀신경과 함께 속귓길로 들어가고 그 바닥에서 속귀신경과 갈라져 얼굴신경관으로 들어가, 거의 직각으로 구부러지는 부분을 얼굴신경무릎이라 하며, 여기에 무릎신경마디가 있다. |
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| NRI | nerve root involvement; nerve root irritation; nonrespiratory infection |
|---|---|
| PN | papillary necrosis; parenteral nutrition; penicillin; perceived noise; percussion note; periarteriti... |
| ARMD | Age-Related Macular Degeneration; 노인성 황반 형성 |
| CMD | Cerebro-Macular Degeneration |
| SCD | 1) Sickle Cell Disease 2) Subacute Combined Degeneration |
| axonal degeneration | A type of peripheral nerve fibre response to insult, wherein axon death and subsequent breakdown occurs, with secondary breakdown of the myelin sheath associated; caused by focal injury to peripheral nerve fibres; often referred to as wallerian degeneration. Synonym: axon degeneration. (05 Mar 2000) |
|---|---|
| axon degeneration | A type of peripheral nerve fibre response to insult, wherein axon death and subsequent breakdown occurs, with secondary breakdown of the myelin sheath associated; caused by focal injury to peripheral nerve fibres; often referred to as wallerian degeneration. Synonym: axon degeneration. (05 Mar 2000) |
| ballooning degeneration | A phenomenon observed especially in cells that are infected with certain viruses, resulting in conspicuous swelling of the cell and cytoplasmic vacuolation. (05 Mar 2000) |
| basophilic degeneration | Blue staining of connective tissues when haematoxylin-eosin stain is used; found in such conditions as solar elastosis. (05 Mar 2000) |
| calcareous degeneration | In a precise sense, not a degenerative process per se, but the deposition of insoluble calcium salts in tissue that has degenerated and become necrotic, as in dystrophic calcification. (05 Mar 2000) |
| carneous degeneration | Necrosis, with staining by haemoglobin, which may occur in uterine myomas, especially during pregnancy; marked by softening and a red colour resembling partly cooked meat. Synonym: carneous degeneration. (05 Mar 2000) |
| vacuolar degeneration | Formation of nonlipid vacuoles in cytoplasm, most frequently due to accumulation of water by cloudy swelling. (05 Mar 2000) |
| macular degeneration | <ophthalmology> Breakdown or damage to a portion of the retina known as the macula. Symptoms include blurring of vision (in central visual field), colours appear dim and difficulty reading or performing work up close. (27 Sep 1997) |
| reaction of degeneration | The electrical reaction in a degenerated nerve and the muscles supplied by it; characterised by absence of response to both galvanic and faradic stimulus in the nerve and to faradic stimulus in the muscles; the muscles may still respond to galvanic stimulation, but the cathodal closing contraction is greater than the anodal closing contraction, the reverse of normal. (05 Mar 2000) |
| marginal corneal degeneration | Bilateral opacification and vascularization of the periphery of the cornea, progressing to formation of a gutter and ectasia. Synonym: ectatic marginal degeneration of cornea. (05 Mar 2000) |
| parenchymatous degeneration | Swelling of cells due to injury to the membranes affecting ionic transfer; causes an accumulation of intracellular water. Synonym: albuminous swelling, granular degeneration, hydropic degeneration, parenchymatous degeneration. (05 Mar 2000) |
| red degeneration | Necrosis, with staining by haemoglobin, which may occur in uterine myomas, especially during pregnancy; marked by softening and a red colour resembling partly cooked meat. Synonym: carneous degeneration. (05 Mar 2000) |
| caseous degeneration | Caseation necrosis, necrosis characteristic of certain inflammations (e.g., tuberculosis, histoplasmosis), which represents necrosis with loss of separate structures of the various cellular and histologic elements; affected tissue manifests the friable, crumbly consistency and dull, opaque quality observed in cheese. Synonym: caseous degeneration. (05 Mar 2000) |
| vitelliform degeneration | Degeneration in Best's disease, with the macular region of each eye occupied by a bright orange-yellow circular deposit resembling an egg yolk, followed by scarring; autosomal dominant inheritance. Synonym: vitelliruptive degeneration. (05 Mar 2000) |
| vitelliruptive degeneration | Degeneration in Best's disease, with the macular region of each eye occupied by a bright orange-yellow circular deposit resembling an egg yolk, followed by scarring; autosomal dominant inheritance. Synonym: vitelliruptive degeneration. (05 Mar 2000) |