| 영문 | cell-mediated immunity | 한글 | 세포매개면역 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 면역이란 신체를 외부의 물질로부터 보호하는 행위를 말한다. 여기에는 특이적 면역과 비특이적 면역의 두 가지가 있다. 비특이적 면역이라함은 특정한 물질에 관계하는 면역이 아니라 특정 대상이 없이 모든 외부 물체에 작용할 수 있는 면역을 말한다. 여기에는 소변의 흐름, 눈물의 흐름, 피부의 비투과성 등의 기계적인 것도 포함되고 피속에 돌아다니는 세포 중에서 비특이적으로 외부의 물질을 포식하는 세포들(예를 들면 큰포식세포(macrophage)의 활동도 포함이 된다. 세포매개면역이란 특이한 물질을 감지할 수 있는 세포를 생성하게 하여 그것으로 하여금 그 물질을 포식하게 하는 것을 말한다. |
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| 영문 | nerve cell | 한글 | 신경세포 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 신경세포는 올바른 신경전달을 위한 각 부분별로 나뉘어져 있다. 신경세포에서는 전해져오는 자극을 전기적인 신호로 바뀌어 보내거나 받게 된다. 이런 전기적인 현상은 각 신경세포내에 존재하는 각 이온채널(ion channel: ion이란 나트륨, 칼륨 등을 지칭하는 말들로써, 이들이 세포막에 의해 나뉘어질 때 생기는 전압차가 전기적 자극을 일으키고 유지하는데 결정적인 역할을 한다)들의 작용에 의해 이루어지게 된다. |
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| 영문 | glia cell | 한글 | 아교세포 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 신경세포 사이에서 그물구조를 이루며 이를 지지하는 조직. 신경아교세포는 신경모세포와 갈라진 아교모세포가 다시 여러 형태로 분화-성장한 것이다. 뇌실이나 척수중심관의 벽을 덮고 원주상 또는 입방형이며, 초기에는 유리면에 섬모가 있다. 대형세포는 별뇌실막세포는 아교세포라고 하며, 신경세포나 신경섬유 사이에 산재한다. 그 외에 희소돌기아교세포도 포함된다. |
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| 영문 | reserve cell | 한글 | 예비세포 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 일반적으로 상피조직에서 이미 있던 상피세포가 손상을 받아 사멸하면 매꿔지는 그 밑에 있는 미분화세포 예를 들면, 기관지 내표면을 덮는 중층 원주 상피의 기저에 있는 작은 미분화 상피 세포. |
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| posterior region of neck | The back of neck, including the suboccipital region. Synonym: regio nuchalis, nuchal region, posterior neck region, regio cervicalis posterior. (05 Mar 2000) |
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| posterior triangle of neck | The region of the neck bounded by the sternocleidomastoid muscle, the trapezius muscle, and the upper border of the clavicle, including the omoclavicular triangle. Synonym: lateral region of neck, regio cervicalis lateralis, trigonum cervicale posterius. (05 Mar 2000) |
| posttraumatic neck syndrome | <syndrome> A clinical complex of pain, tenderness, tight neck musculature, vasomotor instability, and ill-defined symptoms such as dizziness and blurred vision as the result of trauma to the neck. Also variously termed occipital or suboccipital neuralgia or neuritis; cervical tension syndrome; cervical myospasm, myositis, or fibrositis. Synonym: cervical fibrositis, cervical tension syndrome. (05 Mar 2000) |
| potato tumour of neck | A firm nodular mass in the neck, usually a carotid body tumour (chemodectoma). (05 Mar 2000) |
| head and neck neoplasms | Neoplasms of the head and neck. (12 Dec 1998) |
| semispinal muscle of neck | <anatomy> Continuous with musculus semispinalis thoracis; origin, transverse processes of second to fifth thoracic vertebrae; insertion, spinous processes of axis and third to fifth cervical vertebrae; action, extends cervical spine; nerve supply, dorsal primary rami of cervical and thoracic spinal nerves. Synonym: musculus semispinalis cervicis, musculus semispinalis colli, semispinal muscle of neck. (05 Mar 2000) |
| spinal muscle of neck | <anatomy> An inconstant or rudimentary muscle; origin, spinous processes of sixth and seventh cervical vertebrae; insertion, spinous processes of axis and third cervical vertebra; action, extends cervical spine; nerve supply, dorsal primary rami of cervical. Synonym: musculus spinalis cervicis, musculus spinalis colli, spinal muscle of neck. (05 Mar 2000) |
| splenius muscle of neck | <anatomy, muscle> Origin, from supraspinous ligament and spinous processes of third to fifth thoracic vertebrae; insertion, posterior tubercles of transverse processes of first and second (sometimes third) cervical vertebrae; action, rotates and extends neck; nerve supply, dorsal primary rami of fourth to eighth cervical spinal nerves. Synonym: musculus splenius cervicis, musculus splenius colli, splenius muscle of neck. (05 Mar 2000) |
| neck | 1. The part of an animal which connects the head and the trunk, and which, in man and many other animals, is more slender than the trunk. 2. Any part of an inanimate object corresponding to or resembling the neck of an animal; as: The long slender part of a vessel, as a retort, or of a fruit, as a gourd. A long narrow tract of land projecting from the main body, or a narrow tract connecting two larger tracts. That part of a violin, guitar, or similar instrument, which extends from the head to the body, and on which is the finger board or fret board. 3. <mechanics> A reduction in size near the end of an object, formed by a groove around it; as, a neck forming the journal of a shaft. 4. <botany> The point where the base of the stem of a plant arises from the root. Neck and crop, completely; wholly; altogether; roughly and at once. <anatomy> Neck and neck, the constriction between the root and the crown. Neck or nothing, at all risks. Neck verse. The verse formerly read to entitle a party to the benefit of clergy, said to be the first verse of the fifty-first Psalm, "Miserere mei," etc. Hence, a verse or saying, the utterance of which decides one's fate; a shibboleth. "These words, "bread and cheese," were their neck verse or shibboleth to distinguish them; all pronouncing "broad and cause," being presently put to death." (Fuller) Neck yoke. A bar by which the end of the tongue of a wagon or carriage is suspended from the collars of the harnesses. A device with projecting arms for carrying things (as buckets of water or sap) suspended from one's shoulders. On the neck of, immediately after; following closely. "Commiting one sin on the neck of another." Stiff neck, obstinacy in evil or wrong; inflexible obstinacy; contumacy. "I know thy rebellion, and thy stiff neck." To break the neck of, to destroy the main force of. "What they presume to borrow from her sage and virtuous rules. Breaks the neck of their own cause." To harden the neck, to grow obstinate; to be more and more perverse and rebellious. To tread on the neck of, to oppress; to tyrannize over. Origin: OE. Necke, AS. Hnecca; akin to D. Nek the nape of the neck, G. Nacken, OHG. Nacch, hnacch, Icel. Hnakki, Sw. Nacke, Dan. Nakke. <mechanics> To reduce the diameter of (an object) near its end, by making a groove around it; used with down; as, to neck down a shaft. Origin: Necked; Necking. Source: Websters Dictionary (01 Mar 1998) |
| neck dissection | Surgery to remove lymph nodes and other tissues in the neck. (12 Dec 1998) |
| neck injuries | General or unspecified injuries to the neck. It includes injuries to the skin, muscles, and other soft tissues of the neck. (12 Dec 1998) |
| neck injury | Any injury to the soft tissues or bony structures (cervical spine) of the neck. (27 Sep 1997) |
| neck muscles | The neck muscles consist of the platysma, splenius cervicis, sternocleidomastoid(eus), longus colli, the anterior, medius, and posterior scalenes, digastric(us), stylohyoid(eus), mylohyoid(eus), geniohyoid(eus), sternohyoid(eus), omohyoid(eus), sternothyroid(eus), and thyrohyoid(eus). (12 Dec 1998) |
| neck of femur | A short, constricted, strong bar projecting at an obtuse angle (about 125 |
| neck of fibula | The slightly constricted region between the head and body of the fibula. Synonym: collum fibulae. (05 Mar 2000) |