| 영문 | smooth muscle | 한글 | 민무늬근육, 평활근육 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 근육 중에서 가로무늬가 없는 근. 가로무늬근에 대응되는 말이다. 척추동물에서는 심장근 이외의 내장근은 모두가 민무늬근이다. 많은 내장장기의 벽에 분포되어 있으며, 대개 돌림층과 세로층의 두 층으로 배열되어 있다. 소화관이나 요관 같은 관모양의 구조에서는 꿈틀운동을 일으켜 내용물이 아래로 내려가게 하는 작용을 한다. 항문관, 위, 요도 등에서는 돌림층의 근육이 특히 두꺼워져 내용물이 내려가는 것을 조절하는 조임근육이 형성되어 있다. 혈관에는 돌림층만 있으며, 혈관을 수축하여 혈액을 쥐어짜는 작용을 한다. 또한 자율신경의 지배를 받으며, 우리의 의지와 관계없이 작용한다. |
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| 영문 | voluntary muscle | 한글 | 수의근 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 의지의 힘으로 움직일 수 있는 근육. 골격근 외에 피부 내의 피근, 관절주머니에 부착하고 있는 관절근 등이 여기에 속한다. 수의근의 근섬유에는 가로무늬가 있으므로 가로무늬근이라고도 하나, 심장근은 가로 무늬가 있어도 수의근이 아니므로 수의근과 가로무늬근은 동의어는 아니다. 수의근의 운동은 민무늬근보다 빠르다. 수의근이라 해도 골격근 등은 근육무리로서 움직일 수 있으나, 개개의 근육은 따로따로 마음대로 움직이게 할 수 없다. 귓바퀴근육은 사람의 경우 발육이 나빠 마음대로 움직이게 하기 어렵다. |
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| 영문 | facial muscle | 한글 | 얼굴근육 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 얼굴의 피부를 움직이고 이에 부착되어 있는 얼굴신경의 공급을 받는 수많은 근육을 포함하는 얼굴표정근이나 모방근. |
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| MS | Maffuci syndrome; maladjustment score; mandibular series; Marfan syndrome; Marie-Strumpell [syndrome... |
|---|---|
| PM | after death (Lat. post mortem); after noon [Lat. post meridiem]; mean pressure; pacemaker; pantomogr... |
| AMI | Acute Myocardial Infarction - Complications(Cx) 1. Early ... |
| ms | muscle |
| SCM | Sterno-Cleido-Mastoid muscle |
| myelinated nerve fibre | An axon enveloped by a myelin sheath formed by oligodendroglia cells (in brain and spinal cord) or Schwann cells (in peripheral nerves). Synonym: medullated nerve fibre. (05 Mar 2000) |
|---|---|
| corticonuclear fibre | <physiology> Descriptive term connotating fibres from a cortical structure (cerebral or cerebellar) passing to subcortical cell groups; fibres comprising the tractus corticobulbaris; cerebellar corticonuclear fibres (Purkinje cell axons to the cerebellar nuclei). Synonym: fibrae corticonucleares. (05 Mar 2000) |
| corticopontine fibre | <physiology> The fibres that compose the corticopontine tract. Synonym: fibrae corticopontinae. (05 Mar 2000) |
| corticoreticular fibre | <physiology> Corticofugal fibres distributed to the reticular formation of the mesencephalon and rhombencephalon. See: corticobulbar fibres. Synonym: fibrae corticoreticulares. (05 Mar 2000) |
| corticorubral fibre | <physiology> Nerve fibres projecting from the cerebral cortex (primarily precentral and premotor regions) to the red nucleus of the midbrain. (05 Mar 2000) |
| cotton-fibre embolism | Embolism by cotton fibres from sterile gauze used in intravenous medication or transfusion; may form as foreign body granulomas in small pulmonary arteries. (05 Mar 2000) |
| crude fibre | The indigestible parts of plant-based food. (09 Oct 1997) |
| Henle's fibre layer | The layer of inner cone fibres in the central area of the retina. (05 Mar 2000) |
| high-fibre diet | A diet high in the nondigestible part of plants, which is fibre. Fibre is found in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and legumes. Insoluble fibre increases stool bulk, decreases transit time of food in the bowel, and decreases constipation and the risk of colon cancer. Soluble fibre delays absorption of glucose, which helps to control blood sugar in diabetes mellitus, and delays absorption of lipids, which helps to control hyperlipidemia. Recommended in treatment of diverticular disease of the colon. (05 Mar 2000) |
| hollow fibre reactor | A fermentation system in which the cells are separated from the medium using semipermeable membranes arranged in the form of hollow fibres. (14 Nov 1997) |
| Purkinje fibre | <cardiology, pathology> A group of specialised cardiac muscle cells that conduct electrical impulses through the heart and are involved in regulating the heart beat. The fibres form the terminal portion of the heart conduction system and have central granulated protoplasm containing one or two nuclei and a transversely striated peripheral portion. They are the terminal ramifications of the conducting system of the heart found beneath the endocardium of the ventricles. See: conducting system of heart. (10 Jul 2002) |
| spindle fibre | <cell biology> Microtubules of the spindle that interdigitate at the equatorial plane with microtubules of the opposite polarity derived from the opposite pole microtubule organising centre. Usually distinguished from kinetochore fibres that are microtubules that link the poles with the kinetochore, although these could be included in a broader use of the term. (18 Nov 1997) |
| nerve fibre | The axon of a nerve cell, ensheathed by oligodendroglia cells in brain and spinal cord, and by Schwann cells in peripheral nerves. (05 Mar 2000) |
| stress fibre | <physiology> Long bundles of microfilaments made up of actin subunits. They are involved in the attachment of cultured cells to a substratum, the determination of cell shape and may be involved in cellular mobility. They are found in most cells and have been shown to be contractile, have a periodicity reminiscent of the sarcomere and are anchored at one end to a focal adhesion, although sometimes between two focal adhesions. (17 Jul 2002) |
| nuclear bag fibre | The largest type of intrafusal muscle fibre's in a neuromuscular spindle, containing a central aggregation of nuclei (nuclear bag). (05 Mar 2000) |