| 영문 | nerve cell | 한글 | 신경세포 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 신경세포는 올바른 신경전달을 위한 각 부분별로 나뉘어져 있다. 신경세포에서는 전해져오는 자극을 전기적인 신호로 바뀌어 보내거나 받게 된다. 이런 전기적인 현상은 각 신경세포내에 존재하는 각 이온채널(ion channel: ion이란 나트륨, 칼륨 등을 지칭하는 말들로써, 이들이 세포막에 의해 나뉘어질 때 생기는 전압차가 전기적 자극을 일으키고 유지하는데 결정적인 역할을 한다)들의 작용에 의해 이루어지게 된다. |
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| 영문 | glia cell | 한글 | 아교세포 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 신경세포 사이에서 그물구조를 이루며 이를 지지하는 조직. 신경아교세포는 신경모세포와 갈라진 아교모세포가 다시 여러 형태로 분화-성장한 것이다. 뇌실이나 척수중심관의 벽을 덮고 원주상 또는 입방형이며, 초기에는 유리면에 섬모가 있다. 대형세포는 별뇌실막세포는 아교세포라고 하며, 신경세포나 신경섬유 사이에 산재한다. 그 외에 희소돌기아교세포도 포함된다. |
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| 영문 | reserve cell | 한글 | 예비세포 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 일반적으로 상피조직에서 이미 있던 상피세포가 손상을 받아 사멸하면 매꿔지는 그 밑에 있는 미분화세포 예를 들면, 기관지 내표면을 덮는 중층 원주 상피의 기저에 있는 작은 미분화 상피 세포. |
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| 영문 | stem cell | 한글 | 줄기세포, 간세포 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 자기 복제를 하여 자신을 존속시키면서 한편으로는 증식과 분화를 하여 새로운 세포를 형성하는 세포로서 조혈줄기세포가 대표적이다. 조혈줄기세포는 골수에 있는 세포로서 모든 혈구세포가 여기에서 분화되어 발생한다. |
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| 영문 | renal cell carcinoma | 한글 | 콩팥세포암종 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 콩팥에 생긴 원시콩팥조직에서 발생한 암. 주로 원시세뇨관조직에서 발생한다. 대표적인 세포조직형은 염색시 세포질이 맑게 비어보이는 맑은세포암종이다. 치료는 수술과 항암화학요법이며 아주 드물지만 저절로 낫는 경우도 있는 것으로 보고되어 있다. |
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| G0 | quiescent phase of cells leaving the mitotic cycle |
|---|---|
| MA | malignant arrhythmia; management and administration; mandelic acid; masseter; Master of Arts; matern... |
| MCP | maximum closure pressure; maximum contraction pattern; malanocortin receptor; melphalan, cyclophosph... |
| MF | magnetic field; meat free; medium frequency; megafarad; membrane filler; merthiolate-formaldehyde [s... |
| MI | first meiotic metaphase; maturation index; medical illustrator; medical informatics; medical inspect... |
| artificial selection | <genetics> The selective breeding by humans towards a desired trait in a plant, animal, or other organism which is of value (usually economic) to the humans. The process operates on the same principles as natural selection. (09 Oct 1997) |
|---|---|
| balancing selection | <genetics> A process of natural selection where heterozygous individuals are more adaptive, and thus selected for more often, than either of the two types of homozygous individuals. (09 Oct 1997) |
| blue white colour selection | <molecular biology, procedure> Method for identifying bacterial clones containing plasmids with inserts. Many modern vectors have their polycloning site within a part of the LacZ gene encoding _ galactosidase, which provides _ complementation in an appropriate mutant E. Coli strain. This means that a re ligated (empty) vector will produce blue colonies when grown on plates containing IPTG and X gal, but colonies with a substantial insert in their plasmid's polycloning site are unable to produce functional _ galactosidase and so produce white colonies. (16 Dec 1997) |
| patient selection | Criteria and standards used for the determination of the appropriateness of the inclusion of patients with specific conditions in proposed treatment plans and the criteria used for the inclusion of subjects in various clinical trials and other research protocols. (12 Dec 1998) |
| medical selection | Preservation, by medical care and treatment, of individuals of pathologic genotypes who would not otherwise reproduce, thus tending to increase the frequency of pathologic genes in the population; conversely, reduction of the frequency of pathologic genes by preventing reproduction of individuals of specified genotype by surgical sterilization or other means. (05 Mar 2000) |
| personnel selection | The process of choosing employees for specific types of employment. The concept includes recruitment. (12 Dec 1998) |
| clonal selection | <cell biology> The process whereby one or more clones, i.e. Cells expressing a particular gene sequence are selected by naturally occurring processes from a mixed population. Generally the clonal selection is for general expansion by mitosis, particularly with reference to B lymphocytes where selection with subsequent expansion of clones occurs as a result of antigenic stimulation only of those lymphocytes bearing the appropriate receptors. (18 Nov 1997) |
| clonal selection theory | A theory which states that each lymphocyte has membrane bound immunoglobulin receptors specific for a particular antigen and once the receptor is engaged, proliferation of the cell occurs such that a clone of antibody producing cells (plasma cell) is produced. (05 Mar 2000) |
| selection | <biology> Placing organisms under conditions where the growth of those with a particular genotype will be favored. (09 Oct 1997) |
| selection bias | The introduction of error due to systematic differences in the characteristics between those selected and those not selected for a given study. In sampling bias, error is the result of failure to ensure that all members of the reference population have a known chance of selection in the sample. (12 Dec 1998) |
| selection coefficient | The proportion of progeny or potential progeny not surviving to sexual maturity; usually defined artificially by expressing the fitness of a phenotype as a fraction of the mean or optimal fitness to give the relative fitness, and subtracting this fraction from unity. If the mean size of family in the population is 3.2 and that for a particular genotype is 2.4 then the fitness of the phenotype is 2.4/3.2 =0.75 and the selection coefficient =1-0.75 =.25 = 5 (05 Mar 2000) |
| selection cutting | The periodic removal at short intervals of the oldest and largest trees in the stand, individually or in small groups. (05 Dec 1998) |
| selection (genetics) | Differential and non-random reproduction of different genotypes, operating to alter the gene frequencies within a population. (12 Dec 1998) |
| selection pressure | Impact of effective reproduction due to environmental impact on the phenotype. (05 Mar 2000) |
| sexual selection | A form of natural selection in which, according to Darwin's theory, the male or female is attracted by certain characteristics, form, colour, behaviour, etc., in the opposite sex; thus modifications of a special nature are brought about in the species. (05 Mar 2000) |