| SGOT | serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (aspartate aminotransferase) |
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| AMA | 1) Anti-Mitochondrial Antibodies 2) American Medical Association |
| MELAS Syndrome | 1. Mitochondrial Encephalomyopathy 2. Lactic Acidosis 3. S... |
| GOTM | glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase, mitochondrial |
| LIMM | lethal infantile mitochondrial myopathy |
| mitochondrial oxidative damage endonuclease | <enzyme> An 8-oxog-specific DNA endonuclease from rat liver mitochondria; recognises and incises at 8-oxog and abasic acid sites in duplex DNA Registry number: EC 3.1.25.- Synonym: oxidative damage-specific endonuclease, mtode enzyme (26 Jun 1999) |
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| mitochondrial sheath | The spirally arranged mitochondria in the middle piece of a spermatozoon; may control movement of the tail. (05 Mar 2000) |
| mitochondrial swelling | Increase in volume of mitochondria due to an influx of fluid; it occurs in hypotonic solutions due to osmotic pressure and in isotonic solutions as a result of altered permeability of the membranes of respiring mitochondria. (12 Dec 1998) |
| disease, mitochondrial | Mutations (changes) in the mitochondrial chromosome are responsible for a number of disorders including an eye disease (Leber's hereditary optic atrophy), a type of epilepsy (called MERRF which stands for Myoclonus Epilepsy with Ragged Red Fibres), and a cause of dementia (called MELAS for Mitochondrial Encephalopathy, Lactic Acidosis and Stroke-like episodes). All mitochondrial diseases were entirely enigmatic before it was discovered that they were due to mutations not in regular chromosomes but the mitochondrial chromosome. (12 Dec 1998) |
| DNA, mitochondrial | Double-stranded DNA of mitochondria. In eukaryotes, the mitochondrial genome is circular and codes for ribosomal rnas, transfer rnas, and about 10 proteins. (12 Dec 1998) |
| aspartate | <amino acid> A nonessential amino acid that plays a critical part of the enzyme in the liver that transfers nitrogen-containing amino groups, either in building new proteins and amino acids or in breaking down proteins and amino acids for energy and detoxifying the nitrogen in the form of urea. Depleted levels of aspartic acid may occur temporarily within certain tissues under stress, but, because the body is able to make its own aspartic acid to replace any depletion, deficiency states do not occur. Aspartic acid is abundant in plants, especially in sprouting seeds. In protein, it exists mainly in the form of its amide, asparagine. The popular sweetener Aspartame is a combination of aspartic acid and phenylalanine. Aspartic acid is considered nontoxic. (15 Nov 1997) |
| aspartate 1-decarboxylase | <enzyme> A pyridoxal-phosphate protein that catalyses the alpha-decarboxylation of l-glutamic acid to form gamma-aminobutyric acid and carbon dioxide. The enzyme is found in bacteria and in invertebrate and vertebrate nervous systems. It is the rate-limiting enzyme in determining gaba levels in normal nervous tissues. The brain enzyme also acts on l-cysteate, l-cysteine sulfinate, and l-aspartate. Chemical name: L-Glutamate-1-carboxy-lyase Registry number: EC 4.1.1.15 (12 Dec 1998) |
| aspartate 4-decarboxylase | Aspartate beta-decarboxylase;a carboxy-lyase converting l-aspartate to l-alanine (releasing CO2); it decarboxylates aminomalonate and (in bacteria) removes SO2 from cysteinesulfinate. See: desulfinase. (05 Mar 2000) |
| aspartate-alpha-decarboxylase | <enzyme> Forms beta-alanine Registry number: EC 4.1.1.11 Synonym: aspartate 1-decarboxylase (26 Jun 1999) |
| aspartate-ammonia ligase | <enzyme> An enzyme that catalyses the formation of asparagine from ammonia and aspartic acid, in the presence of ATP. Chemical name: L-Aspartate:ammonia ligase (AMP-forming) Registry number: EC 6.3.1.1 (12 Dec 1998) |
| aspartate ammonia-lyase | <enzyme> An enzyme that catalyses the conversion of aspartic acid to ammonia and fumaric acid in plants and some microorganisms. Chemical name: L-Aspartate ammonia-lyase Registry number: EC 4.3.1.1 (12 Dec 1998) |
| aspartate carbamoyltransferase | <enzyme> An enzyme that catalyses the conversion of carbamoyl phosphate and l-aspartate to yield orthophosphate and n-carbamoyl-l-aspartate. Chemical name: Carbamoyl-phosphate:L-aspartate carbamoyltransferase Registry number: EC 2.1.3.2 (12 Dec 1998) |
| aspartate kinase | <enzyme> An enzyme that catalyses the formation of beta-aspartyl phosphate from aspartic acid and ATP. Threonine serves as an allosteric regulator of this enzyme to control the biosynthetic pathway from aspartic acid to threonine. Chemical name: ATP:L-aspartate 4-phosphotransferase Registry number: EC 2.7.2.4 (12 Dec 1998) |
| aspartate N-acetyltransferase | <enzyme> Nervous system enzyme that mediates synthesis of n-acetylaspartic acid; utilises acetyl-CoA Registry number: EC 2.3.1.17 (26 Jun 1999) |
| aspartate-saemialdehyde dehydrogenase | <enzyme> An enzyme that catalyses the conversion of l-aspartate 4-saemialdehyde, orthophosphate, and NADP+ to yield l-4-aspartyl phosphate and NADPH. Chemical name: L-Aspartate-4-saemialdehyde:NADP+ oxidoreductase (phosphorylating) Registry number: EC 1.2.1.11 (12 Dec 1998) |