| 영문 | nerve cell | 한글 | 신경세포 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 신경세포는 올바른 신경전달을 위한 각 부분별로 나뉘어져 있다. 신경세포에서는 전해져오는 자극을 전기적인 신호로 바뀌어 보내거나 받게 된다. 이런 전기적인 현상은 각 신경세포내에 존재하는 각 이온채널(ion channel: ion이란 나트륨, 칼륨 등을 지칭하는 말들로써, 이들이 세포막에 의해 나뉘어질 때 생기는 전압차가 전기적 자극을 일으키고 유지하는데 결정적인 역할을 한다)들의 작용에 의해 이루어지게 된다. |
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| 영문 | glia cell | 한글 | 아교세포 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 신경세포 사이에서 그물구조를 이루며 이를 지지하는 조직. 신경아교세포는 신경모세포와 갈라진 아교모세포가 다시 여러 형태로 분화-성장한 것이다. 뇌실이나 척수중심관의 벽을 덮고 원주상 또는 입방형이며, 초기에는 유리면에 섬모가 있다. 대형세포는 별뇌실막세포는 아교세포라고 하며, 신경세포나 신경섬유 사이에 산재한다. 그 외에 희소돌기아교세포도 포함된다. |
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| 영문 | reserve cell | 한글 | 예비세포 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 일반적으로 상피조직에서 이미 있던 상피세포가 손상을 받아 사멸하면 매꿔지는 그 밑에 있는 미분화세포 예를 들면, 기관지 내표면을 덮는 중층 원주 상피의 기저에 있는 작은 미분화 상피 세포. |
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| 영문 | stem cell | 한글 | 줄기세포, 간세포 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 자기 복제를 하여 자신을 존속시키면서 한편으로는 증식과 분화를 하여 새로운 세포를 형성하는 세포로서 조혈줄기세포가 대표적이다. 조혈줄기세포는 골수에 있는 세포로서 모든 혈구세포가 여기에서 분화되어 발생한다. |
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| 영문 | renal cell carcinoma | 한글 | 콩팥세포암종 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 콩팥에 생긴 원시콩팥조직에서 발생한 암. 주로 원시세뇨관조직에서 발생한다. 대표적인 세포조직형은 염색시 세포질이 맑게 비어보이는 맑은세포암종이다. 치료는 수술과 항암화학요법이며 아주 드물지만 저절로 낫는 경우도 있는 것으로 보고되어 있다. |
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| IMC | indigent medical care; information-memory-concentration [test]; interdigestive migrating contraction... |
|---|---|
| MCGF | mast cell growth factor |
| MDT | mast [cell] degeneration test; mean dissolution time; median detection threshold; multidisciplinary ... |
| MMC | migrating myoelectric complex; minimum medullary concentration; mitomycin C; mucosal mast cell |
| SMCD | senile macular choroidal degeneration; systemic mast cell disease; systemic meningococcal disease |
| T-cell-rich, B-cell lymphoma | <tumour> A B-cell lymphoma in which more than 90% of the cells are of T-cell origin, masking the large cells that form the neoplastic B-cell component. See: adult T-cell lymphoma. (05 Mar 2000) |
|---|---|
| abelson leukaemia virus | A defective murine leukaemia virus capable of transforming lymphoid cells and producing a rapidly progressing lymphoid leukaemia after superinfection with friend, moloney, or rauscher virus. (12 Dec 1998) |
| Abelson murine leukaemia virus | A retrovirus belonging to the Type C retrovirus group subfamily (family Oncovirinae) which is associated with leukaemia and produces in vitro transformation of mouse cells. (05 Mar 2000) |
| accelerated phase of leukaemia | Refers to chronic myelogenous leukaemia that is progressing. The number of immature, abnormal white blood cells in the bone marrow and blood is higher than in the chronic phase, but not as high as in the blast phase. (12 Dec 1998) |
| acute granulocytic leukaemia | <haematology> A form of leukaemia which is characterised by the proliferation of immature white blood cells (granulocytes) in the bloodstream. Occurs primarily in adults and in infants under 1 year of age. Complications include abnormal bleeding and susceptibility to infections. Symptoms include fatigue, weight loss, fevers, weakness, pallor, bone pains, bleeding gums, nosebleeds, easy bruising, enlarged lymph nodes and joint pains. Treatment includes chemotherapy and/or bone marrow transplant. Origin: Gr. Haima = blood (27 Sep 1997) |
| acute leukaemia | <haematology> A rapidly progressive cancer of the blood of sudden onset and characterised by the uncontrolled proliferation of immature blood cells which take over the bone marrow and spill into the blood stream. If left untreated is fatal within a few weeks or months. See: acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, acute myeloid leukaemia. Origin: Gr. Haima = blood (11 Nov 1997) |
| acute lymphoblastic leukaemia | <haematology> A rapidly progressing cancer of the blood affecting the type of white blood cell known as lymphocytes. Approximately 650 new cases are diagnosed every year in the UK and it is the most common form of childhood leukaemia. Acronym: ALL Origin: Gr. Haima = blood (11 Nov 1997) |
| acute lymphocytic leukaemia | <radiology> 95% of cases of leukaemia in children, bone changes in 50-70% of kids (vs. 10% in adults); seen as early as 1 month after onset of symptoms, wrists and knees most commonly affected, bony defects: metaphyseal radiolucent bands! (similar findings in scurvy, JRA, syphilis), osteolytic lesions, periosteal reaction, osteosclerosis (12 Dec 1998) |
| acute monocytic leukaemia | <haematology> The most common translocation in this disorder of poorly differentiated monocytic cells involves chromosome region 11q in a large percentage of cases. The translocation involves a cellular oncogene, c-ets which is mapped to the 11q23-24 region. The most common translocations reported are t(6;11), t(9;11), t(11;17) and t(11;19), of which t(9;11) (p21-22;q23) is by far the most frequently detected and implicated in acute myeloid leukaemia. The cells express CD14 surface antigen, which is diagnostic of monocytic cells. Acronym: AML Classification: FAB M5 (07 Apr 1998) |
| acute myeloblastic leukaemia | <haematology> A rapidly progressing cancer of the blood affecting immature cells of the bone marrow, usually of the white cell population. It is much more common in adults than in children. Symptoms include fatigue, weight loss, fevers, weakness, pallor, bone pains, bleeding gums, nosebleeds, easy bruising, enlarged lymph nodes and joint pains. Treatment includes chemotherapy and/or bone marrow transplant. This leukaemia demonstrates granulocyte differentiation, eosinophilia and Auer rods and is associated with a reciprocal translocation between 8 and 21 (q22;q22), which is the most common translocation in acute myeloid leukaemia and is found more often in younger patients than in older patients. The oncogene involved in this translocation is AML1, which can be detected by Southern blot. Numerical abnormalities, particularly monosomy-7, trisomy-4, trisomy-8, trisomy-21, -Y, monosomy-7 and deletions of the long arms of chromosomes 5 and 7 are quite common in all acute myeloid leukaemia and not restricted to any one FAB classification. Many of these abnormalities are observed at diagnosis and at later stage disease, particularly after chemotherapy. Prognosis is generally more favorable than in FAB-M2 patients showing no translocation, because the latter patients show better remission rates for longer periods of time. Immunophenotyping is useful in diagnosis and expression of one or more of the myeloid antigens CD13, CD14 or CD33 must be detected to make a diagnosis of acute myeloid leukaemia. Acronym: AML Incidence: 2,000 new cases per year in the UK. Origin: Gr. Haima = blood (07 Apr 1998) |
| acute myelogenous leukaemia | <haematology> A rapidly progressing cancer of the blood affecting immature cells of the bone marrow, usually of the white cell population. It is much more common in adults than in children. Symptoms include fatigue, weight loss, fevers, weakness, pallor, bone pains, bleeding gums, nosebleeds, easy bruising, enlarged lymph nodes and joint pains. Treatment includes chemotherapy and/or bone marrow transplant. This leukaemia demonstrates granulocyte differentiation, eosinophilia and Auer rods and is associated with a reciprocal translocation between 8 and 21 (q22;q22), which is the most common translocation in acute myeloid leukaemia and is found more often in younger patients than in older patients. The oncogene involved in this translocation is AML1, which can be detected by Southern blot. Numerical abnormalities, particularly monosomy-7, trisomy-4, trisomy-8, trisomy-21, -Y, monosomy-7 and deletions of the long arms of chromosomes 5 and 7 are quite common in all acute myeloid leukaemia and not restricted to any one FAB classification. Many of these abnormalities are observed at diagnosis and at later stage disease, particularly after chemotherapy. Prognosis is generally more favorable than in FAB-M2 patients showing no translocation, because the latter patients show better remission rates for longer periods of time. Immunophenotyping is useful in diagnosis and expression of one or more of the myeloid antigens CD13, CD14 or CD33 must be detected to make a diagnosis of acute myeloid leukaemia. Acronym: AML Incidence: 2,000 new cases per year in the UK. Origin: Gr. Haima = blood (07 Apr 1998) |
| acute myeloid leukaemia | <haematology> A rapidly progressing cancer of the blood affecting immature cells of the bone marrow, usually of the white cell population. It is much more common in adults than in children. Symptoms include fatigue, weight loss, fevers, weakness, pallor, bone pains, bleeding gums, nosebleeds, easy bruising, enlarged lymph nodes and joint pains. Treatment includes chemotherapy and/or bone marrow transplant. This leukaemia demonstrates granulocyte differentiation, eosinophilia and Auer rods and is associated with a reciprocal translocation between 8 and 21 (q22;q22), which is the most common translocation in acute myeloid leukaemia and is found more often in younger patients than in older patients. The oncogene involved in this translocation is AML1, which can be detected by Southern blot. Numerical abnormalities, particularly monosomy-7, trisomy-4, trisomy-8, trisomy-21, -Y, monosomy-7 and deletions of the long arms of chromosomes 5 and 7 are quite common in all acute myeloid leukaemia and not restricted to any one FAB classification. Many of these abnormalities are observed at diagnosis and at later stage disease, particularly after chemotherapy. Prognosis is generally more favorable than in FAB-M2 patients showing no translocation, because the latter patients show better remission rates for longer periods of time. Immunophenotyping is useful in diagnosis and expression of one or more of the myeloid antigens CD13, CD14 or CD33 must be detected to make a diagnosis of acute myeloid leukaemia. Acronym: AML Incidence: 2,000 new cases per year in the UK. Origin: Gr. Haima = blood (07 Apr 1998) |
| acute non-lymphocytic leukaemia | <haematology> A form of leukaemia which is characterised by the proliferation of immature bone marrow precursor cells in the marrow and immature white blood cells (granulocytes) in the bloodstream. Occurs primarily in adults and in infants under 1 year of age. Complications include abnormal bleeding and susceptibility to infections. Symptoms include fatigue, weight loss, fevers, weakness, pallor, bone pains, bleeding gums, nosebleeds, easy bruising, enlarged lymph nodes and joint pains. Trisomy-8 is the most common cytogenetic abnormality observed, followed by monosomy-7 and monosomy-5. Approximately 8% of cases show trisomy-8, mostly in AML (M1), AM (M4) and acute monocytic leukaemia (M5). Many pre-leukaemic conditions, acute non-lymphocytic leukaemia and secondary leukemia show monosomy-7 or deletion of the long arm of chromosome 7. Treatment includes chemotherapy and/or bone marrow transplant. Acronym: ANLL Incidence: 2.5 cases per 100,000 (all ages). Origin: Gr. Haima = blood (07 Apr 1998) |
| acute promyelocytic leukaemia | Leukaemia presenting as a severe bleeding disorder, with infiltration of the bone marrow by abnormal promyelocytes and myelocytes, a low plasma fibrinogen, and defective coagulation. (05 Mar 2000) |
| aleukaemic leukaemia | Leukaemia in which abnormal (or leukaemic) cells are absent in the peripheral blood. (05 Mar 2000) |