| ADR | activation, depression, repetition [in bone remodeling]; adrenodoxin reductase; Adriamycin; adverse ... |
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| AE | above-elbow [amputation]; acrodermatitis enteropathica; activation energy; adult erythrocyte; advers... |
| ARAM | antigen recognition activation motif |
| CMNA | complement-mediated neutrophil activation |
| HIPA | heparin-induced platelet activation |
| chemotactic factors, macrophage | Cytotaxins liberated from normal or invading cells that specifically attract macrophages. They may be lymphokines, products of antigen, antibody and complement interactions or other. (12 Dec 1998) |
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| granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor | <growth factor, haematology, oncology> An acidic glycoprotein of mw 23 kD with internal disulfide bonds. It is produced in response to a number of inflammatory mediators by mesenchymal cells present in the haemopoietic environment and at peripheral sites of inflammation. It stimulates the production of neutrophilic granulocytes, macrophages, and mixed granulocyte-macrophage colonies from bone marrow cells and can stimulate the formation of eosinophil colonies from foetal liver progenitor cells. It also has some functional activities in mature granulocytes and macrophages. It is used to promote the recovery of the white blood cells following chemotherapy. Chemical name: Colony-stimulating factor 2 See: colony-stimulating factor. Acronym: GM-CSF (12 Dec 1998) |
| wandering macrophage | <haematology> A macrophage that leaves the blood and migrates to infected tissue. (09 Oct 1997) |
| Hansemann macrophage | Large histiocytes with abundant cytoplasm that may contain Michaelis-Gutmann bodies and one or several nuclei; described in lesions of malacoplakia. (05 Mar 2000) |
| inflammatory macrophage | A macrophage found at sites of inflammation. (05 Mar 2000) |
| fixed macrophage | A relatively immotile macrophage found in connective tissue, lymph nodes, spleen, and bone marrow. Synonym: resting wandering cell. (05 Mar 2000) |
| free macrophage | An actively motile macrophage typically found in sites of inflammation. (05 Mar 2000) |
| activation | <radiobiology> Activation occurs when a particle interacts with an atomic nucleus, shifting the nucleus into an unstable state, and causing it to become radioactive. In fusion research, where deuterium-tritium is a common fuel mixture, the neutron released when (D + T) combine to form (4He + n) can activate the reactor structure. In this case the 4He is inert, the neutron sticks to another nucleus, and the neutron + nucleus reaction creates an actvation product. Sometimes called radioactivation. See: activation product, activation analysis. (09 Oct 1997) |
| activation analysis | <radiobiology> Method for identifying and measuring chemical elements in a sample of material. Sample is first made radioactive by bombardment with neutrons, charged particles, or gamma rays. Newly formed radioactive atoms in the sample then give off characteristic radiations (such as gamma rays) that tell what kinds of atoms are present, and how many. (09 Oct 1997) |
| activation energy | <chemistry> The amount of energy (expressed in joules) that is needed to convert all the molecules in one mole of a reacting substance from a ground state to the transition state. (06 May 1997) |
| activation product | <radiobiology> The unstable nucleus formed when activation occurs. (See activation above.) (09 Oct 1997) |
| amino acid activation | The first step of protein synthesis, whereby an amino acid reacts with adenosine triphosphate in the presence of aminoacyl RNA synthetase to produce an amino acid adenylate, which provides the energy necessary for the attachment of the amino acid to a specific transfer RNA molecule. (12 Dec 1998) |
| gene activation | The process of activation of a gene so that it is expressed at a particular time. This process is crucial in growth and development. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Gibbs energy of activation | The Gibbs energy that must be added to that already possessed by a molecule or molecules in order to initiate a reaction. (05 Mar 2000) |
| virus activation | The mechanism by which latent viruses, such as genetically transmitted tumour viruses or prophages of lysogenic bacteria, are induced to replicate and are released as infectious viruses. It may be effected by various endogenous and exogenous stimuli, including B-cell lipopolysaccharides, glucocorticoid hormones, halogenated pyrimidines, ionizing radiation, ultraviolet light, and superinfecting viruses. (12 Dec 1998) |