| PPMA | progressive postmyelitis muscular atrophy |
|---|---|
| PSMA | proximal spinal muscular atrophy |
| SBMA | spinal bulbar muscular atrophy |
| SMA | sequential multiple analysis or analyzer; sequential multichannel autoanalyzer; simultaneous multich... |
| SPMA | spinal progressive muscular atrophy |
| familial spinal muscular atrophy | Transmitted as autosomal recessive on chromosome 5q. Progressive dysfunction of the anterior horn cells in the spinal cord and brainstem cranial nerves with profound weakness and bulbar dysfunction occurring in the first two years of life. Three groups, based on age of clinical onset, are recognised. Synonym: familial spinal muscular atrophy, Hoffmann's muscular atrophy, infantile muscular atrophy, infantile progressive spinal muscular atrophy, progressive infantile spinal muscular atrophy, Werdnig-Hoffmann disease, Werdnig-Hoffmann muscular atrophy. (05 Mar 2000) |
|---|---|
| colitis, ischemic | Acute vascular insufficiency of the colon usually involving the portion supplied by the inferior mesenteric artery. The symptoms include pain at the iliac fossa, bloody diarrhoea, low-grade fever, abdominal distention, and abdominal tenderness. The classic radiologic sign is thumbprinting due to localised elevation of the mucosa by submucosal haemorrhage or oedema. Ulceration may follow. (12 Dec 1998) |
| hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy | Damage to cells in the central nervous system (the brain and spinal cord) from inadequate oxygen. Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy allegedly may cause in death in the newborn period or result in what is later recognised as developmental delay, mental retardation, or cerebral palsy. This is an area of considerable medical and medicolegal debate. (12 Dec 1998) |
| ischemic | Affected by ischaemia. (27 Sep 1997) |
| ischemic colitis | <radiology> Precipitating factors: volvulus, carcinoma, cardiovascular disease, history of aortoiliac reconstruction (2%) with ligation of IMA, abrupt onset of lower abdominal pain and rectal bleeding, location: splenic flexure (80%) and rectosigmoid (watershed areas), BE: single contrast prefered (lesions may become effaced with double contrast), serrated mucosa; pseudopolyposis; transverse ridging; thumbprinting on mesenteric side; deep ulcers, CT: thickening of wall; irregular lumen (thumbrinting), curvilinear collection of intramural gas, portal and mesenteric venous air, blood clot in superior mesenteric artery / superior mesenteric vein, Angio (similar to inflammatory disease): normal / slightly attenuated arterial supply, mild acceleration of arteriovenous transit time (12 Dec 1998) |
| ischemic contracture of the left ventricle | Irreversible contraction of the left ventricle of the heart as a complication seen in the early period of cardiopulmonary bypass and now avoided by appropriate cardioplegic solutions. Synonym: myocardial rigor mortis, stone heart. (05 Mar 2000) |
| ischemic hypoxia | Tissue hypoxia characterised by tissue oligaemia and caused by arterial or arteriolar obstruction or vasoconstriction. (05 Mar 2000) |
| ischemic mitral regurgitation | A regurgitation of the mitral valve caused by ischemic heart disease. (05 Mar 2000) |
| ischemic necrosis | Necrosis caused by hypoxia resulting from local deprivation of blood supply, as by infarction. (05 Mar 2000) |
| ischemic neuropathy | Neuropathy resulting from acute or chronic ischemia of the involved nerves. (05 Mar 2000) |
| ischemic optic neuropathy | Optic nerve neuropathy secondary to hypoperfusion of the low pressure posterior ciliary arteries supplying the optic nerve head (nonarteritic) or to temporal arteritis (arteritic). (05 Mar 2000) |
| ischemic preconditioning | A technique in which tissue is rendered resistant to the deleterious effects of prolonged ischemia and reperfusion by prior exposure to brief, repeated periods of vascular occlusion. (am j physiol 1995 may;268(5 pt 2):h2063-7, abstract) (12 Dec 1998) |
| ischemic preconditioning, myocardial | Exposure of myocardial tissue to brief, repeated periods of vascular occlusion in order to render the myocardium resistant to the deleterious effects of ischemia or reperfusion. The period of pre-exposure and the number of times the tissue is exposed to ischemia and reperfusion vary, the average being 3 to 5 minutes. (12 Dec 1998) |
| optic neuropathy, ischemic | A severely blinding disease resulting from loss of the arterial blood supply to the optic nerve as a result of occlusive disorders of the nutrient arteries. Optic neuropathy is divided into anterior, which causes a pale oedema of the optic disk, and posterior, in which the optic disk is not swollen and the abnormality occurs between the globe and the optic chiasm. Ischemic anterior optic neuropathy usually causes a loss of vision that may be sudden or occur over several days; ischemic posterior optic neuropathy is uncommon and the diagnosis depends largely upon exclusion of other causes, chiefly stroke and brain tumour. (12 Dec 1998) |
| transient ischemic attack | A sudden focal loss of neurological function with complete recovery usually within 24 hours; caused by a brief period of inadequate perfusion in a portion of the territory of the carotid or vertebral basilar arteries. (05 Mar 2000) |