| 영문 | anti-diuretic hormone; ADH | 한글 | 항이뇨호르몬 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 뇌의 바닥에 붙어있는 호르몬을 주로 분비하는 작은 기관인 뇌하수체 후엽에서 분비되는 호르몬으로 콩팥에서 수분의 흡수를 촉진하여 체내에 수분의 양을 늘이는 역할을 한다. 동시에 혈관을 수축시키는 작용이 있어 혈압을 상승시키는 역할도 한다.    |
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| 영문 | hormone | 한글 | 호르몬 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 호르몬이란 특정한 내분비선에서 생성, 저장되어 있다가, 관류하는 혈액 중으로 분비된 다음 혈액에 실려 멀리 떨어져 있는 표적세포(호르몬이 작용을 나타내는 세포)에 이르러 그곳에서 특정한 기능을 발휘하는 물질을 말한다. 내분비샘이 아니더라도 어느 세포나 세포군에서 세포외액 중으로 분비된 다음 다른 세포에 가서 세포의 기능을 변동시키는 물질의 일부도 호르몬의 범주에 포함시키고 있으며 이들을 특별히 국소호르몬이라 부른다(예-아세틸콜린, 아드레날린, 콜레시스토키닌 등). 이에 비해서 특정 내분비샘에서 혈중으로 분비되는 진정한 의미의 호르몬들을 일반호르몬이라고 부른다. 호르몬을 흔히 3종의 무리로 분류를 하는데 아드레날린이나 thyroxine과 같이 아미노산의 유도체로 된 호르몬들(amine derivative), 많은 아미노산을 재료로 만들어졌거나 당단백으로 된 단백호르몬(peptide hormone), 그리고 콜레스테롤을 재료로 만들어진 지방호르몬(steroid hormone) 등으로 구분되며 이들은 대체로 종류에 따라 작용메커니즘을 달리하고 있다. |
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| 영문 | luteinizing hormone(LH) | 한글 | 황체형성호르몬 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 여성의 월경은 정해진 순서에 의해 일어나게 된다. 먼저 난포자극호르몬이 뇌에서 분비되어 여성의 난소를 자극하게 되면 난포가 자극받아 난포호르몬(에스트로젠)을 분비하게 되고 이것은 다시 되먹이기 메커니즘 의해 뇌에 작용을 하여 황체화호르몬이 뇌에서 분비되고 이것이 이른바 절정에 이르렀을 때, 난포에서 배란이 일어나게 된다. 이후 난포는 황체로 변하게 되며, 배란된 난자가 수정되지 아니하면, 황체는 황체호르몬(프로게스테론)을 분비한 뒤 퇴화되고 곧 이어 월경이 일어나게 된다. 이 일은 정상적인 대부분의 여성에서 28일을 주기로 일어나며, 대개 황체화호르몬 절정 이후 마지막은 14일로 일정하다고 한다. |
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| chronic interstitial salpingitis | Salpingitis in which fibrosis or mononuclear cell infiltration involves all layers of the fallopian or eustachian tube. Synonym: pachysalpingitis. (05 Mar 2000) |
|---|---|
| pneumonia, atypical interstitial, of cattle | A cattle disease of uncertain cause, probably an allergic reaction. (12 Dec 1998) |
| pneumonia, progressive interstitial, of sheep | Chronic respiratory disease caused by the visna-maedi virus. It was formerly believed to be identical with jaagsiekte (pulmonary adenomatosis, ovine) but is now recognised as a separate entity. (12 Dec 1998) |
| cystitis, interstitial | Disease that involves inflammation or irritation of the bladder wall. This inflammation can lead to scarring and stiffening of the bladder, and even ulcerations and bleeding. Diagnosis is based on symptoms, findings on cystoscopy and biopsy, and eliminating other treatable causes such as infection. Because doctors do not know what causes IC, treatments are aimed at relieving symptoms. most people are helped for variable periods of time by one or a combination of treatments. (12 Dec 1998) |
| hypertrophic interstitial neuropathy | Sensorimotor neuropathy characterised pathologically by collections of Schwann cell processes arranged concentrically around one or more nerve fibres. No genetic factors are known in its aetiology.For hereditary types, see hereditary hypertrophic neuropathy. (05 Mar 2000) |
| nephritis, interstitial | Primary or secondary disease of the renal interstitial tissue resulting from arterial, arteriolar, glomerular, or tubular disease which destroys individual nephrons, or from toxic involvement of interstitital cells and tubules due to systemic diseases such as gout, to drug exposure, or to mercury poisoning. Clinically it may be manifested primarily by loss of concentrating capacity, mineral wasting, proteinuria, and abnormal urine sediment. It may be seen in an acute form, particularly after specific bacterial infection, and may result in acute papillary necrosis. More commonly, the process is a chronic one with progressive renal atrophy and diminution of renal function. (12 Dec 1998) |
| desquamative interstitial pneumonia | Diffuse proliferation of alveolar epithelial cells, which desquamate into the air sacs and become filled with macrophages, accompanied by interstitial cellular infiltration and fibrosis; gradual onset of dyspnea and nonproductive cough occurs. (05 Mar 2000) |
| diffuse interstitial fibrosis | Progressive fibrous changes and scarring within the lung tissue, eventually interfering with normal gas exchange. (27 Sep 1997) |
| diffuse interstitial pulmonary fibrosis | This represents a group of pulmonary disorders (lower respiratory tract) that leads to a functional loss in the alveolar air sacs and a compromise in the diffusion of oxygen from air to blood. There is widespread inflammation and scar tissue (fibrosis) formation within the lung. The causes are varied and include: inorganic and organic dusts, gases, fumes, vapors, infections, radiation, medications, coal dust, silicosis and byssinosis. When the cause is not identifiable it is referred to as idiopathic diffuse interstitial pulmonary fibrosis (27 Sep 1997) |
| idiopathic interstitial fibrosis | A progressive inflammatory condition starting with diffuse alveolar damage and resulting in fibrosis and honeycombing over a variable time period; also a common feature of collagen-vascular diseases. Synonym: fibrosing alveolitis, Hamman-Rich syndrome, idiopathic interstitial fibrosis. (05 Mar 2000) |
| interstitial | <anatomy> Pertaining to or situated between parts or in the interspaces of a tissue. Origin: L. Interstitialis, inter = between, sistere = to set (18 Nov 1997) |
| interstitial absorption | The removal of water or of substances in the interstitial fluid by the lymphatics. (05 Mar 2000) |
| interstitial cell | 1. <plant biology> Cells lying between but distinct from other cells in a tissue, a good example being the interstitial cells in Hydra that serve as stem cells. 2. <pathology> Cells lying between the testis tubules of vertebrates and that are responsible for the secretion of testosterone. (18 Nov 1997) |
| interstitial cell tumour of testis | <tumour> A small benign tumours of the testis that often produce testosterone, causing endocrine symptoms. Synonym: interstitial cell tumour of testis. (05 Mar 2000) |
| interstitial cystitis | <pathology, urology> A chronic inflammatory condition of the bladder. The cause of interstitial cystitis is unknown, but occurs more commonly in females. Symptoms include difficulty urinating, pain on urination, urinary urgency and increased frequency of urination. (27 Sep 1997) |