| 영문 | heart failure | 한글 | 심장기능상실 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 몸의 조직이나 기관에서 대사에 필요한 만큼 충분한 양의 혈액을 공급할 수 없을 정도로 심장기능이 저하되어 있는 상태이다. 심장기능상실은 심근이 수축할 능력이 저하되었을 때나 심장에 심박출을 하기 위한 압력이 정상보다 증가되어 정상의 심장의 수축으로는 충분한 양의 혈액을 공급할 수 없는 경우, 그리고 심장근육, 심장에 걸리는 압력은 정상이나 심장박동의 이상에 의해서 정상적인 수축이 불가능할 경우에 생긴다. |
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| 영문 | pacemaker(of heart) | 한글 | 심장박동기 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 심장의 전기적 자극이 병적인 상태로 발생하지 않거나, 혹은 심실로 잘 전해지지 않을 때 사용한다. 일시적 심장박동기와 영구적 심장박동기가 있으며, 각기 쓰이는 용도는 병에 따라 다르다. 요즘에 나오는 심장 박동기는 건전지의 수명도 반영구적이며, 밖에서 조정할 수 있고, 운동이나 스트레스 상황에 대한 심장의 빠른 운동에도 잘 적응할 수 있도록 만들어져 있다. |
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| 영문 | heart disease | 한글 | 심장병 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 순환기 질환 중 심장의 병. 일반적으로 심장혈관이나 심장의 병도 포함된다. 병터의 부위에 의한 병리해부학적 분류와 병인에 의한 분류가 있다. 전자는 수 십 년 전부터 쓰여져 왔으나 근년에 와서 본질적인 원인요법이 가능하게 된 이후는 후자의 분류가 의의가 있어서 많이 쓰이게 되었다. 병터 부위로는 심내막(판막)-심장근-심장막, 그 밖의 것을 들 수 있으며, 각각 심내막염-심장판막증-심근염-심근경색-심장막염-선천성 심장병(심장기형) 등이포함된다. 병인별에서는 심장기형을 비롯하여 류마치스 심장병-매독성 심장병-고혈압성 심장병-심장동맥경화성 심장병-폐성심장-세균성 심내막염-심장신경증 등으로 나누어지며, 부정맥이나 방실차단 등의 자극전도계의 장애에 의한 것도 증세의 하나로 볼 수 있다. 심장병은 자각적으로는 무증세인 것에서부터 심장기능상실로 호흡곤란까지 있다. |
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| 영문 | septal defects of heart | 한글 | 심장의 중격 결손 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 선천적으로 심장 내의 심방사이중격(interatrial septum)이나 심실사이중격(interventricular septum)이 결손되어 혈류가 정상적으로 흐르지 않는 경우. 정상적인 경우 혈류는 정맥에서 우심방으로 모여 우심실을 거친뒤 폐로 가서 산소를 공급받고 다시 왼심방, 왼심실을 차례로 거쳐 대동맥으로 간다. 하지만, 이 경우는 혈류가 압력이 높은 왼심방이나 왼심실에서 압력이 낮은 우심방이나 우심실로 흐르게 된다. 따라서 동맥피와 정맥피가 섞이게 되고, 환자는 호흡곤란, 성장발육장애, 심잡음 등이 나타나고, 심한 경우 청색증으로 발전하기도 한다. 치료는 수술적으로 이 결손부위를 막아 주어야 한다. |
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| 영문 | heart murmur | 한글 | 심장잡음 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 심장에서는 정상적으로 소리가 난다. 그 소리는 주로 판막이 닫힐 때 나는 소리로 쿵－쾅하는 2개의 소리로 보통 이루어진다. 처음에 나는 저음의 소리를 제 1심음이라고 하고 이것은 주로 승모판이나 삼첨판이 닫힐 때 나는 소리다. 그리고 두번째 나는 고음의 소리를 제 2심음이라고 한다. 이것은 주로 대동맥판이나 폐동맥판이 닫힐 때 나는 소리이다. 그리고 소아에서 정상적으로 들리는 제 3심음이 있다. 이것은 심방에서 들어오는 혈액이 심실에서 부딪혀서 나는 소리로 아주 약하고 낮은 소리이다. 심잡음이란 이런 정상적인 심음을 제외한 심장에서 나는 소리를 이르는 말이다. 심잡음의 기원과 의미를 정확히 판단하려면 심주기상 어느 시기에 청진되는가(수축기, 확장기, 연속성), 가장 크게 청진되는 부위가 어디인가, 전파되는 부위는 어디인가, 심잡음의 강도와 질은 어떠한가, 호흡과의 관계는 어떠한가를 분석하여야 한다. |
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| HT | Hashimoto thyroiditis; hearing test; hearing threshold; heart; heart transplantation, heart transpla... |
|---|---|
| AE | above-elbow [amputation]; acrodermatitis enteropathica; activation energy; adult erythrocyte; advers... |
| FIA | fistula in ano; fluorescent immunoassay; focal immunoassay; Freund incomplete adjuvant |
| IBBBB | incomplete bilateral bundle branch block |
| ICFA | incomplete Freund adjuvant; induced complement-fixing antigen |
| incomplete disinfectant | A disinfectant that kills only the vegetative forms, leaving the spores uninjured. (05 Mar 2000) |
|---|---|
| incomplete dominance | <genetics> Two alleles of a gene which result in distinctly different phenotypes, but when they are both inherited together in an individual (one from the mother and one from the father - called heterozygosity), the individual ends up with a blend of the two phenotypes. For example: if one allele is for red hair and the other allele is for blue hair, then the individual will have purple hair. (This is in contrast to codominance, where the individual would inherit patches of blue and patches of red hair). (13 Nov 1997) |
| incomplete fistula | A fistula that ends in a cul-de-sac, being open at one extremity only. Synonym: incomplete fistula. (05 Mar 2000) |
| incomplete foot presentation | See: breech presentation. (05 Mar 2000) |
| incomplete fracture | A fracture in which the line of fracture does not include the entire bone. (05 Mar 2000) |
| incomplete hemianopia | Hemianopsia involving less than half the visual field of each eye. (05 Mar 2000) |
| incomplete metamorphosis | The development of a nymph into the imago which in many respects resembles the former; characteristic of more primitive insect orders, such as Heteroptera (true bugs), Orthoptera (locusts, grasshoppers), and Blatterria (roaches). Synonym: heterometabolous metamorphosis. (05 Mar 2000) |
| incomplete tetanus | Tetanus in which each stimulus causes a contraction to be initiated when the muscle has only partly relaxed from the previous contraction. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Freund's incomplete adjuvant | Water-in-oil emulsion of antigen, without mycobacteria. (05 Mar 2000) |
| apex beat | The visible and/or palpable pulsation made by the apex of the left ventricle as it strikes the chest wall in systole; normally in the fifth intercostal space, about 10 cm to the left of the median line. (05 Mar 2000) |
| atrial capture beat | The cardiac cycle resulting when, after a period of A-V dissociation, the atria regain control of the ventricles; atrial depolarisation due to retrograde transmission from a ventricular ectopic beat or an electronically paced ventricular impulse. (05 Mar 2000) |
| atrial fusion beat | A beat that occurs when the atria are activated in part by the sinus impulse and in part by an ectopic or retrograde impulse from A-V junction or ventricle. (05 Mar 2000) |
| automatic beat | In contrast to forced beat, an ectopic beat that arises de novo and is not precipitated by the preceding beat; thus escaped and parasystolic beat's are automatic. Synonym: automatic contraction. (05 Mar 2000) |
| beat | 1. To strike repeatedly; to lay repeated blows upon; as, to beat one's breast; to beat iron so as to shape it; to beat grain, in order to force out the seeds; to beat eggs and sugar; to beat a drum. "Thou shalt beat some of it [spices] very small." (Ex. Xxx. 36) "They did beat the gold into thin plates." (Ex. Xxxix. 3) 2. To punish by blows; to thrash. 3. To scour or range over in hunting, accompanied with the noise made by striking bushes, etc, for the purpose of rousing game. "To beat the woods, and rouse the bounding prey." (Prior) 4. To dash against, or strike, as with water or wind. "A frozen continent . . . Beat with perpetual storms." (Milton) 5. To tread, as a path. "Pass awful gulfs, and beat my painful way." (Blackmore) 6. To overcome in a battle, contest, strife, race, game, etc.; to vanquish or conquer; to surpass. "He beat them in a bloody battle." (Prescott) "For loveliness, it would be hard to beat that." (M. Arnold) 7. To cheat; to chouse; to swindle; to defraud; often with out. 8. To exercise severely; to perplex; to trouble. "Why should any one . . . Beat his head about the Latin grammar who does not intend to be a critic?" (Locke) 9. To give the signal for, by beat of drum; to sound by beat of drum; as, to beat an alarm, a charge, a parley, a retreat; to beat the general, the reveille, the tattoo. See Alarm, Charge, Parley, etc. To beat down, to haggle with (any one) to secure a lower price; to force down. To beat into, to teach or instill, by repetition. To beat off, to repel or drive back. To beat out, to extend by hammering. To beat out of a thing, to cause to relinquish it, or give it up. "Nor can anything beat their posterity out of it to this day." . To beat the dust. To take in too little ground with the fore legs, as a horse. To perform curvets too precipitately or too low. To beat the hoof, to walk; to go on foot. To beat the wing, to flutter; to move with fluttering agitation. To beat time, to measure or regulate time in music by the motion of the hand or foot. To beat up, to attack suddenly; to alarm or disturb; as, to beat up an enemy's quarters. Synonym: To strike, pound, bang, buffet, maul, drub, thump, baste, thwack, thrash, pommel, cudgel, belabor, conquer, defeat, vanquish, overcome. Origin: OE. Beaten, beten, AS. Beatan; akin to Icel. Bauta, OHG. Bzan. Cf. 1st Butt, Button. 1. To strike repeatedly; to inflict repeated blaows; to knock vigorously or loudly. "The men of the city . . . Beat at the door." (Judges. Xix. 22) 2. To move with pulsation or throbbing. "A thousand hearts beat happily." (Byron) 3. To come or act with violence; to dash or fall with force; to strike anything, as, rain, wind, and waves do. "Sees rolling tempests vainly beat below." (Dryden) "They [winds] beat at the crazy casement." (Longfellow) "The sun beat upon the head of Jonah, that he fainted, and wisbed in himself to die." (Jonah iv. 8) "Public envy seemeth to beat chiefly upon ministers." (Bacon) 4. To be in agitation or doubt. "To still my beating mind." (Shak). 5. To make progress against the wind, by sailing in a zigzag line or traverse. 6. To make a sound when struck; as, the drums beat. 7. To make a succession of strokes on a drum; as, the drummers beat to call soldiers to their quarters. 8. <physics> To sound with more or less rapid alternations of greater and less intensity, so as to produce a pulsating effect; said of instruments, tones, or vibrations, not perfectly in unison. A beating wind, to run first one way and then another; said of a stag. To beat up for recruits, to go diligently about in order to get helpers or participators in an enterprise. 1. A stroke; a blow. "He, with a careless beat, Struck out the mute creation at a heat." (Dryden) 2. A recurring stroke; a throb; a pulsation; as, a beat of the heart; the beat of the pulse. 3. The rise or fall of the hand or foot, marking the divisions of time; a division of the measure so marked. In the rhythm of music the beat is the unit. A transient grace note, struck immediately before the one it is intended to ornament. 4. <physics> A sudden swelling or reenforcement of a sound, recurring at regular intervals, and produced by the interference of sound waves of slightly different periods of vibrations; applied also, by analogy, to other kinds of wave motions; the pulsation or throbbing produced by the vibrating together of two tones not quite in unison. See Beat. 5. A round or course which is frequently gone over; as, a watchman's beat. 6. A place of habitual or frequent resort. 7. A cheat or swindler of the lowest grade; often emphasized by dead; as, a dead beat. Beat of drum, a succession of strokes varied, in different ways, for particular purposes, as to regulate a march, to call soldiers to their arms or quarters, to direct an attack, or retreat, etc. Beat of a watch, or clock, the stroke or sound made by the action of the escapement. A clock is in beat or out of beat, according as the strokes is at equal or unequal intervals. Source: Websters Dictionary (01 Mar 1998) |
| ventricular fusion beat | A fusion beat that occurs when the ventricles are activated partly by the descending sinus or A-V junctional impulse and partly by an ectopic ventricular impulse. (05 Mar 2000) |