| hybrid-arrested translation | <molecular biology> The prevention of an mRNA molecule from being translated into a protein by hybridising it to its corresponding cDNA or to a complementary mRNA. This is used to identify cDNA molecules - the scientist puts the cDNA molecule in question in a test tube with a number of mRNA molecules and observes which protein is no longer able to be made. (09 Oct 1997) |
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| hybrid cell | <genetics, molecular biology> Any cell type containing components from one or more genomes, other than zygotes and their derivatives. Hybrid cells may be formed by cell fusion or by transfection. See: heterokaryon. (18 Nov 1997) |
| hybrid diode | <radiobiology> An ion diode that uses a field coil in series with the ion diode's accelerating gap to generate sufficient magnetic flux in the diode for electron control. The diode is a combination of the Applied-B diode's ion source and the Ampfion diode's field coil. (09 Oct 1997) |
| hybrid DNA | <molecular biology> A double-stranded DNA molecule which was made by hybridising two single-stranded DNA molecules from two different sources. If the two single-stranded DNA molecules have enough nucleotide sequences in common, they are able to form hydrogen bonds to each other's common sequences. (09 Oct 1997) |
| hybrid dysgenesis | The inability of certain strains of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster to interbreed with each other because they produce offspring that are all sterile or offspring which have a high number of harmful mutations. (09 Oct 1997) |
| hybrid enzyme | <biochemistry> An enzyme in a heterozygous individual which has subunits with slightly different sequences of amino acids than other copies of the same enzyme. This occurs because the two alleles of the genes which code for each subunit are slightly different (due to the heterozygosity), so that either of the two versions of the subunit could be produced for any copy of the enzyme. (09 Oct 1997) |
| hybrid inviability | <biology> The observation that certain hybrid organisms have lower fitness than the parent organisms, for example they grow more poorly or have lower survival rates. Hybrid inviability is the opposite of hybrid vigor. (09 Oct 1997) |
| hybrid name | <zoology> Names given to hybrids are not normally available, as they are individuals, not populations, and hence not taxa. (09 Jan 1998) |
| hybrid plasmid | <molecular biology> A plasmid (circular DNA molecule) which is composed partly of the DNA of an organisms (or virus's) genome and partly of foreign DNA that has been inserted artificially. (09 Oct 1997) |
| hybrid prosthesis | A complete denture that is supported by both soft tissue and natural teeth that have been altered so as to permit the denture to fit over them. The altered teeth may have been fitted with short or long copings, locking devices, or connecting bars. Synonym: bar joint denture, hybrid prosthesis, overdenture, telescopic denture. (05 Mar 2000) |
| hybrid resonance | <radiobiology> A resonance in a magnetised plasma which involves aspects of both bunching of lighter species parallel to the magnetic field, characterised by the plasma frequency, and perpendicular particle motions (heavier species) characterised by the cyclotron frequency. (09 Oct 1997) |
| hybrid sterility | <genetics, zoology> The inability of a hybrid to produce viable offspring. Whether an animal hybrid is sterile or fertile depends mainly on how closely its two parent species are related. For example: mules (which are hybrids between male donkeys and female horses) are usually sterile, while hybrids between domestic dogs and wolves are fertile (hybrids between wolves and foxes are also fertile, but hybrids between dogs and foxes are sterile). (09 Oct 1997) |
| hybrid swarm | A group of morphologically distinctive individuals which results from the creation of hybrids between two parent species, then the backcrossing of the offspring to members of the parent species and the interbreeding among the hybrid individuals. (09 Oct 1997) |
| hybrid vigor | The adaptive superiority of heterozygous genotypes with respect to one or more characters in comparison with the corresponding homozygotes. (12 Dec 1998) |
| somatic hybrid | Heterokaryon formed between two somatic cells, usually from different species. See: somatic cell genetics. (18 Nov 1997) |