| hybrid vigor | The adaptive superiority of heterozygous genotypes with respect to one or more characters in comparison with the corresponding homozygotes. (12 Dec 1998) |
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| hybrid-arrested translation | <molecular biology> The prevention of an mRNA molecule from being translated into a protein by hybridising it to its corresponding cDNA or to a complementary mRNA. This is used to identify cDNA molecules - the scientist puts the cDNA molecule in question in a test tube with a number of mRNA molecules and observes which protein is no longer able to be made. (09 Oct 1997) |
| hybridisation | <molecular biology> The process of joining two complementary strands of DNA or one each of DNA and RNA to form a double-stranded molecule. Technique in which single stranded nucleic acids are allowed to interact so that complexes or hybrids, are formed by molecules with sufficiently similar, complementary sequences. By this means the degree of sequence identity can be assessed and specific sequences detected. The hybridisation can be carried out in solution or with one component immobilised on a gel or, most commonly, nitrocellulose paper. Hybrids are detected by various means: visualisation in the electron microscope, by radioactively labelling one component and removing noncomplexed DNA or by washing or digestion with an enzyme that attacks single stranded nucleic acids and finally estimating the radioactivity bound. Hybridisations are done in all combinations: DNA DNA (DNA can be rendered single stranded by heat denaturation), DNA RNA or RNA RNA. In situ hybridisations involve hybridising a labelled nucleic acid (often labelled with a fluorescent dye) to suitably prepared cells or histological sections. This is used particularly to look for specific transcription or localisation of genes to specific chromosomes (FISH analysis). <zoology> The mating of individuals from different species or sub-species. (13 Oct 1997) |
| hybridisation stringency | <molecular biology> The percentage of nucleotides which must match on two unrelated single-stranded nucleic acid molecules before they will base pair with each other to form a duplex, given a certain set of physical and chemical conditions. The hybridisation stringency is used to determine when a hybridisation probe and a target nucleic acid will come together, and can be set by the researcher by varying the conditions. In general, if the percentage of matching nucleotides is lower than 70 percent, the two single-stranded nucleic acid molecules are considered nonhomologous and any hybridisation is considered nonstringent. (13 Oct 1997) |
| hybridism | The state of being hybrid. (05 Mar 2000) |
| hybridization | <molecular biology> The process of joining two complementary strands of DNA or one each of DNA and RNA to form a double-stranded molecule. Technique in which single stranded nucleic acids are allowed to interact so that complexes or hybrids, are formed by molecules with sufficiently similar, complementary sequences. By this means the degree of sequence identity can be assessed and specific sequences detected. The hybridisation can be carried out in solution or with one component immobilised on a gel or, most commonly, nitrocellulose paper. Hybrids are detected by various means: visualisation in the electron microscope, by radioactively labelling one component and removing noncomplexed DNA or by washing or digestion with an enzyme that attacks single stranded nucleic acids and finally estimating the radioactivity bound. Hybridisations are done in all combinations: DNA DNA (DNA can be rendered single stranded by heat denaturation), DNA RNA or RNA RNA. In situ hybridisations involve hybridising a labelled nucleic acid (often labelled with a fluorescent dye) to suitably prepared cells or histological sections. This is used particularly to look for specific transcription or localisation of genes to specific chromosomes (FISH analysis). <zoology> The mating of individuals from different species or sub-species. (13 Oct 1997) |
| hybridoma | <cell culture, tumour> A cell hybrid in which a tumour cell forms one of the original source cells. In practice, confined to hybrids between T or B lymphocytes and appropriate myeloma cell lines. (13 Oct 1997) |
| hybridomas | Cells artificially created by fusion of activated lymphocytes with neoplastic cells. The resulting hybrid cells are cloned and produce pure or "monoclonal" antibodies or T-cell products, identical to those produced by the immunologically competent parent, and continually grow and divide as the neoplastic parent. (12 Dec 1998) |
| hybridoma |
A hybrid cell line that is created by fusing a mortal antibody-producing B-lymphocyte with an immortalized myeloma line. The hybridoma line is immortal and produces a continuous supply of a particular monoclonal antibody.
출처: www.nature.com/nrg/journal/v6/n3/glossary/nrg1554_...
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| hybridization |
The annealing of two complementary nucleic acid strands to form a double-stranded molecule; a technique for detecting specific nucleic acid sequences.
출처: www.genpromag.com/Glossary~LETTER~H.html
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| hybridoma |
A permanent cell line generated by cell fusion that secretes a specific monoclonal antibody.
출처: www.genpromag.com/Glossary~LETTER~H.html
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| hybrid |
An animal that has parents of two different species, for instance, a mule's mother is a horse and its father is a donkey.
출처: www.peteducation.com/dict_alpha_listing.cfm
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| hybrid |
Offspring produced from mating plants or animals from different species, varieties, or genotypes.
출처: www.amfar.org/cgi-bin/iowa/bridge.html
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