| volume-controlled respirator | A respirator that provides a predetermined volume of gases during inhalation, with the pressure required to move that volume remaining variable, depending upon resistance. (05 Mar 2000) |
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| microscopically controlled surgery | Minimally invasive surgery, operative procedure performed in a manner derived to result in the smallest possible incision or no incision at all; includes laparoscopic, laparoscopically assisted, thoracoscopic, and endoscopic surgical procedures. Synonym: Mohs' chemosurgery. (05 Mar 2000) |
| condensing, controlled extraction turbines | A controlled turbine that bleeds off (condenses) part of the main stream flow at one (single extraction) or two (double extraction) points. Used when process steam is required at pressures below the inlet pressure and above the exhaust pressure. (05 Dec 1998) |
| controlled clinical trial | A clinical trial involving one or more test treatments, at least one control treatment, specified outcome measures for evaluating the studied intervention, and a bias-free method for assigning patients to the test treatment. The treatment may be drugs, devices, or procedures studied for diagnostic, therapeutic, or prophylactic effectiveness. Control measures include placebos, active medicine, no-treatment, dosage forms and regimens, historical comparisons, etc. When randomization using mathematical techniques, such as the use of a random numbers table, is employed to assign patients to test or control treatments, the trial is characterised as a randomised controlled trial. However, trials employing treatment allocation methods such as coin flips, odd-even numbers, patient social security numbers, days of the week, medical record numbers, or other such pseudo- or quasi-random processes are simply designated as controlled clinical trials. (12 Dec 1998) |
| controlled clinical trials | Clinical trials involving one or more test treatments, at least one control treatment, specified outcome measures for evaluating the studied intervention, and a bias-free method for assigning patients to the test treatment. The treatment may be drugs, devices, or procedures studied for diagnostic, therapeutic, or prophylactic effectiveness. Control measures include placebos, active medicines, no-treatment, dosage forms and regimens, historical comparisons, etc. When randomization using mathematical techniques, such as the use of a random numbers table, is employed to assign patients to test or control treatments, the trials are characterised as randomised controlled trials. However, trials employing treatment allocation methods such as coin flips, odd-even numbers, patient social security numbers, days of the week, medical record numbers, or other such pseudo- or quasi-random processes, are simply designated as controlled clinical trials. (12 Dec 1998) |
| controlled hypotension | Deliberate acute reduction of arterial blood pressure to reduce operative blood loss by pharmacologic means during anaesthesia and surgery. (05 Mar 2000) |
| controlled mechanical ventilation | Artificial ventilation in which all inspirations are provided by positive pressure applied to the airway. Synonym: continuous positive pressure breathing, continuous positive pressure ventilation, intermittent positive pressure breathing, intermittent positive pressure ventilation. (05 Mar 2000) |
| controlled respiration | Intermittent application of mechanically or manually generated positive pressure to gas(es) in or about the airway as a means of forcing gases into the lungs in the absence of spontaneous ventilatory efforts. Synonym: controlled respiration. (05 Mar 2000) |
| controlled substance | A substance subject to the Controlled Substances Act (1970), which regulates the prescribing and dispensing, as well as the manufacturing, storage, sale, or distribution of substance's assigned to five schedules according to their 1) potential for or evidence of abuse, 2) potential for psychic or physiologic dependence, 3) contributing a public health risk, 4) harmful pharmacologic effect, or 5) role as a precursor of other controlled substance's. (05 Mar 2000) |
| controlled thermonuclear fusion | <radiobiology> The process in which light nuclei, heated to a high temperature in a confined region, undergo fusion reactions under controlled conditions, with associated release of energy which may be harnessed for useful purposes. (09 Oct 1997) |
| controlled thermonuclear research | General label for research on controlled thermonuclear fusion reactions. (09 Oct 1997) |
| controlled trial | A clinical study in which one group of participants receives an experimental drug while another group receives either a placebo or an approved standard therapy. When participants do not know which group they are in, the trial is blinded. See: Double-Blind. (09 Oct 1997) |
| controlled ventilation | Intermittent application of mechanically or manually generated positive pressure to gas(es) in or about the airway as a means of forcing gases into the lungs in the absence of spontaneous ventilatory efforts. Synonym: controlled respiration. (05 Mar 2000) |
| pressure-controlled respirator | A respirator that provides a predetermined pressure to gases during inhalation, the volume of gas moved being variable, depending upon resistance. (05 Mar 2000) |
| noncondensing, controlled extraction turbine | A turbine that bleeds part of the main steam flow at one (single extraction) or two (double extraction) points. (05 Dec 1998) |