| receptors, thyroid hormone | Proteins, usually found in the nucleus, that specifically bind thyroid hormones and regulate DNA transcription. These proteins, termed c-erba, are activated by hormones and cause differentiation of erythroid progenitor cells which irreversibly lose proliferative potential. Thus c-erba proteins act as growth suppressors. The c-erba proteins are encoded by at least two genes, c-erba alpha and c-erba beta. Each of these has two isoforms. Mutations in the ligand-binding domain of the beta form causes thyroid hormone resistance syndrome. (12 Dec 1998) |
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| hormone, thyroid | Chemical substance made by the thyroid gland which is located in the front of the neck. The thyroid gland uses iodine to make thyroid hormones. The two most important thyroid hormones are thyroxine (t4) and triiodothyronine (t3). (12 Dec 1998) |
| thyroid hormone | <endocrinology> Thyroxine and tri iodothyronine are hormones secreted by the thyroid gland in vertebrates. These iodinated aromatic amino acid compounds influence growth and metabolism and, in amphibia, metamorphosis. The hormone calcitonin which has hypocalcaemic effects is also of thyroid origin but is not usually classed with thyroxine and tri iodothyronine as a thyroid hormone. (18 Nov 1997) |
| thyroid hormone aminotransferase | <enzyme> Chemical name: 3,5-dinitrotyrosine aminotransferase Registry number: EC 2.6.1.26 Synonym: triiodothyrone aminotransferase, triiodothyronine aminotransferase (26 Jun 1999) |
| thyroid hormone resistance syndrome | <syndrome> An inherited syndrome of peripheral resistance to thyroid hormones, transmitted as an autosomal recessive trait, characterised by increased serum concentrations of thyroxine and triiodothyronine, increased thyroid hormone binding ratio, and normal to slightly increased thyroid-stimulating hormone and its response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone. The affected persons are euthyroid to slightly hypothyroid. The absence of hypermetabolism and the presence of possible hypothyroidism indicate the existence of partial resistance to the peripheral action of thyroid hormone. (12 Dec 1998) |
| thyroid releasing hormone | <endocrinology> Thyroid releasing hormone (TRH) is a byproduct of the hypothalamus and serves to stimulate the pituitary gland to produce thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH). TRH is produced by the hypothalamus when thyroid hormone (T3 and T4) blood levels are low. (27 Sep 1997) |
| receptors, pituitary hormone-regulating hormone | Cell surface receptors that bind the hypothalamic hormones regulating pituitary cell differentiation, proliferation, and hormone synthesis and release, including the pituitary-releasing and release-inhibiting hormones. The pituitary hormone-regulating hormones are also released by cells other than hypothalamic neurons, and their receptors also occur on non-pituitary cells, especially brain neurons, where their role is less well understood. Receptors for dopamine, which is a prolactin release-inhibiting hormone as well as a common neurotransmitter, are not included here. (12 Dec 1998) |
| growth hormone inhibiting hormone | <protein> Gastrointestinal and hypothalmic peptide hormone (two forms: 14 and 28 residues), found in gastric mucosa, pancreatic islets, nerves of the gastrointestinal tract, in posterior pituitary and in the central nervous system. Inhibits gastric secretion and motility: in hypothalamus/pituitary inhibits somatotropin release. (18 Nov 1997) |
| growth hormone-regulating hormone | <endocrinology> Hypothalamic hormones that induce (somatoliberin) or inhibit (somatostatin) the release of growth hormone (somatotropin). (18 Nov 1997) |
| growth hormone-releasing hormone | <endocrinology> Peptide hormone related to the glucagon family, released from the pituitary, acts on the adenohypophysis to release growth hormone. Synonym: somatoliberin, growth hormone-releasing factor. (20 Sep 2002) |
| hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists | A collective grouping for both naturally occurring and synthetic hormones, substitutes, and antagonists. (12 Dec 1998) |
| luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone | A hormone that controls sex hormones in men and women. Also called lhrh. (12 Dec 1998) |
| macrophage colony-stimulating factor | <growth factor> A glycoprotein growth factor that causes the committed cell line to proliferate and mature into macrophages. A cytokine synthesised by mesenchymal cells that stimulates pluripotent stem cells of bone marrow into differentiating towards the production of monocytes (mononuclear phagocytes). The compound stimulates the survival, proliferation, and differentiation of haematopoietic cells of the monocyte-macrophage series. It is a disulfide-bonded glycoprotein dimer with a mw of 70 kD and binds to a single class of high affinity receptor which is identical to the product of the c-fms proto-oncogene. See: colony-stimulating factors. Chemical name: Colony-stimulating factor 1 Acronym: M-CSF (12 Dec 1998) |
| receptors, colony-stimulating factor | Cell surface receptors for colony-stimulating factors, local mediators, and hormones that regulate the survival, proliferation, and differentiation of haemopoietic cells. (12 Dec 1998) |
| receptors, granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor | Receptors that bind and internalise granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor. Their mw is believed to be 150 kD. These receptors are found mainly on a subset of myelomonocytic cells. (12 Dec 1998) |