| 영문 | hormone | 한글 | 호르몬 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 호르몬이란 특정한 내분비선에서 생성, 저장되어 있다가, 관류하는 혈액 중으로 분비된 다음 혈액에 실려 멀리 떨어져 있는 표적세포(호르몬이 작용을 나타내는 세포)에 이르러 그곳에서 특정한 기능을 발휘하는 물질을 말한다. 내분비샘이 아니더라도 어느 세포나 세포군에서 세포외액 중으로 분비된 다음 다른 세포에 가서 세포의 기능을 변동시키는 물질의 일부도 호르몬의 범주에 포함시키고 있으며 이들을 특별히 국소호르몬이라 부른다(예-아세틸콜린, 아드레날린, 콜레시스토키닌 등). 이에 비해서 특정 내분비샘에서 혈중으로 분비되는 진정한 의미의 호르몬들을 일반호르몬이라고 부른다. 호르몬을 흔히 3종의 무리로 분류를 하는데 아드레날린이나 thyroxine과 같이 아미노산의 유도체로 된 호르몬들(amine derivative), 많은 아미노산을 재료로 만들어졌거나 당단백으로 된 단백호르몬(peptide hormone), 그리고 콜레스테롤을 재료로 만들어진 지방호르몬(steroid hormone) 등으로 구분되며 이들은 대체로 종류에 따라 작용메커니즘을 달리하고 있다. |
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| 영문 | luteinizing hormone(LH) | 한글 | 황체형성호르몬 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 여성의 월경은 정해진 순서에 의해 일어나게 된다. 먼저 난포자극호르몬이 뇌에서 분비되어 여성의 난소를 자극하게 되면 난포가 자극받아 난포호르몬(에스트로젠)을 분비하게 되고 이것은 다시 되먹이기 메커니즘 의해 뇌에 작용을 하여 황체화호르몬이 뇌에서 분비되고 이것이 이른바 절정에 이르렀을 때, 난포에서 배란이 일어나게 된다. 이후 난포는 황체로 변하게 되며, 배란된 난자가 수정되지 아니하면, 황체는 황체호르몬(프로게스테론)을 분비한 뒤 퇴화되고 곧 이어 월경이 일어나게 된다. 이 일은 정상적인 대부분의 여성에서 28일을 주기로 일어나며, 대개 황체화호르몬 절정 이후 마지막은 14일로 일정하다고 한다. |
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| PC | avoirdupois weight [Lat. pondus civile]; packed cells; paper chromatography; paracortex; parent cell... |
|---|---|
| UFC | urinary free cortisol |
| LHRH | Luteinizing Hormone Releasing Hormone ? GnRH; Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone &nbs... |
| FSH/LR-RH | follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone releasing hormone |
| FSH-RH | Follicle Stimulating Hormone Releasing Hormone |
| adrenocorticotrophic hormone | <endocrinology> A peptide hormone that is produced by the anterior pituitary gland. It stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete glucocorticoid hormones, which help cells synthesise glucose, catabolize proteins, mobilizefree fatty acids and inhibit inflammation in allergic responses. (10 May 1997) |
|---|---|
| adrenocorticotropic hormone | The hormone of the anterior lobe of the hypophysis which governs the nutrition and growth of the adrenal cortex, stimulates it to functional activity, and also possesses extraadrenal adipokinetic activity; it is a polypeptide containing 39 amino acids, but exact structure varies from one species to another; sometimes prefixed by a to distinguish it from beta-corticotropin. The first thirteen amino acids at the N-terminal region are identical to alpha-melanotropin. Synonym: adrenocorticotropin, adrenotropic hormone, adrenotropin, corticotropic hormone, corticotropin. (05 Mar 2000) |
| adrenotropic hormone | The hormone of the anterior lobe of the hypophysis which governs the nutrition and growth of the adrenal cortex, stimulates it to functional activity, and also possesses extraadrenal adipokinetic activity; it is a polypeptide containing 39 amino acids, but exact structure varies from one species to another; sometimes prefixed by a to distinguish it from beta-corticotropin. The first thirteen amino acids at the N-terminal region are identical to alpha-melanotropin. Synonym: adrenocorticotropin, adrenotropic hormone, adrenotropin, corticotropic hormone, corticotropin. (05 Mar 2000) |
| androgenic hormone | <endocrinology> A male (masculinising) hormone. These medications (testosterone, methyltestosterone, fluoxymesterone, danazol) are used to treat androgen deficiency, delayed puberty in males and some forms of breast cancer. (27 Sep 1997) |
| anterior pituitary-like hormone | A glycoprotein with a carbohydrate fraction composed of d-galactose and hexosamine, extracted from the urine of pregnant women and produced by the placental trophoblastic cells; its most important role appears to be stimulation, during the first trimester, of ovarian secretion of the oestrogen and progesterone required for the integrity of conceptus; it appears to play no significant role in the last two trimesters of pregnancy, as the oestrogen and progesterone are then formed by the placenta. Synonym: anterior pituitary-like hormone, choriogonadotropin, chorionic gonadotropic hormone, chorionic gonadotrophic hormone, placenta gonadotropin, placentagonadotropin. (05 Mar 2000) |
| antidiuretic hormone | <endocrinology> A peptide hormone released from the posterior pituitary lobe but synthesised in the hypothalamus. There are 2 forms, differing only in the amino acid at position 8: arginine vasopressin is widespread, while lysine vasopressin is found in pigs. Has antidiuretic and vasopressor actions. Used in the treatment of diabetes insipidus. Acronym: ADH (13 Nov 1997) |
| bovine growth hormone | <endocrinology> A hormone secreted by the bovine pituitary gland. It is used to increase milk production by improving the feed efficiency in dairy cattle. (14 Nov 1997) |
| cardiac hormone | A substance present in extracts of cardiac tissue that augments cardiac contraction; possibly adenosine, a catecholamine, or some non-specific stimulant present generally in tissues. Synonym: cardiac hormone, heart hormone. (05 Mar 2000) |
| galactopoietic hormone | <protein> Pituitary lactogenic hormone (23 kD) Synthesised on endoplasmic reticulum bound ribosomes as preprolactin that has an N terminal signal peptide that is cleaved from the mature form. The conversion of preprolactin to prolactin has been much used as an assay for membrane insertion. (18 Nov 1997) |
| gametokinetic hormone | An acidic glycoprotein hormone of the anterior pituitary that stimulates the graafian follicles of the ovary and assists subsequently in follicular maturation and the secretion of estradiol; in the male, it stimulates the epithelium of the seminiferous tubules and is partially responsible for inducing spermatogenesis. Synonym: follicle-stimulating hormone, follicle-stimulating principle, gametokinetic hormone. Origin: follicle + G. Trope, a turning, + -in (05 Mar 2000) |
| pancreatic hyperglycaemic hormone | A polypeptide hormone (3485 D) secreted by the cells of the Islets of Langerhans in response to a fall in blood sugar levels. Induces hyperglycaemia. A family of structurally related peptides includes glucagon like peptides 1 & 2 (encoded by the same gene), gastric inhibitory polypeptide, secretin, vasoactive intestinal peptide, growth hormone releasing factor, pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide, exendins. (18 Nov 1997) |
| gastrointestinal hormone | <endocrinology> A general term for any hormone which is secreted by some part of the digestive system for the purpose of aiding digestion. For example: gastrin. (09 Oct 1997) |
| mammotropic hormone | <protein> Pituitary lactogenic hormone (23 kD) Synthesised on endoplasmic reticulum bound ribosomes as preprolactin that has an N terminal signal peptide that is cleaved from the mature form. The conversion of preprolactin to prolactin has been much used as an assay for membrane insertion. (18 Nov 1997) |
| receptors, corticotropin-releasing hormone | Cell surface proteins that bind corticotropin-releasing hormone with high affinity and trigger intracellular changes which influence the behaviour of cells. The corticotropin releasing-hormone receptors on anterior pituitary cells mediate the stimulation of corticotropin release by hypothalamic corticotropin releasing factor. The physiological consequence of activating corticotropin-releasing hormone receptors on central neurons is not well understood. (12 Dec 1998) |
| receptors, gastrointestinal hormone | Cell surface proteins that bind gastrointestinal hormones with high affinity and trigger intracellular changes influencing the behaviour of cells. most gastrointestinal hormones also act as neurotransmitters so these receptors are also present in the central and peripheral nervous systems. (12 Dec 1998) |