| ophthalmia nodosa | The presence of nodular swellings on the conjunctiva, due to penetration of ocular tissues by the hairs of caterpillars. Synonym: caterpillar-hair ophthalmia. (05 Mar 2000) |
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| ophthalmia, sympathetic | Granulomatous uveitis which follows in one eye after a penetrating injury to the other eye; the secondarily affected eye is called the sympathizing eye, and the injured eye is called the exciting or activating eye. (12 Dec 1998) |
| Egyptian ophthalmia | <ophthalmology> A chronic infectious disease of the conjunctiva and cornea, producing photophobia, pain, lacrimation and blindness. It is one of the oldest infectious diseases known to mankind, and dates back several thousand years with first documentation as early as the pharaonic era in Egypt. The disease is associated with poor socioeconomic conditions in general: with overcrowding, poor personal and environmental hygiene and, in particular, with very limited access to water and sanitation. Trachoma has been eliminated as a blinding disease from several previously hyperendemic countries and regions, both through significant improvements in the socioeconomic status of populations and through specific control efforts. Despite these successes, in many least developed countries of the world blinding trachoma continues to be an important public health problem. In some of the countries where trachoma was once hyperendemic, there remain residual pockets of blinding trachoma and complications, such as inturned eyelashes (trichiasis), which require eyelid surgery. Today, the disease is found mainly in poor rural areas, including parts of central and south America, most African countries and some countries in the Eastern Mediterranean. Trachoma is still endemic in several Asian countries, but there is a lack of updated information from some major populations, e.g. In India and China. The organism that causes this disease is Chlamydia trachomatis; a microorganism resembling both bacteria and viruses, which spreads through contact with eye discharge from the infected person (on towels, handkerchiefs, fingers, etc.) and through transmission by eye-seeking flies. Chlamydia trachomatis provokes an inflammatory reaction in the eye with formation of follicles in the conjunctiva. After years of repeated infections, the inside of the eyelids may be scarred so severely that the eyelid turns inwards with eyelashes rubbing on the eyeball. If untreated, this condition leads to blindness. The World Health Organization is working towards global elimination of trachoma, which is responsible, at present, for at least 15% of the world's blindness. Worldwide, there are about 6 million people largely irreversibly blinded by trachoma, and an estimated 146 million cases of active disease in need of treatment, if blindness is to be prevented. International efforts to eliminate trachoma as a blinding disease will be based on a combination of interventions known by the acronym "SAFE", which stands for Surgery for trichiasis (inturned eyelashes), Antibiotics, Facial cleanliness and Environmental improvement. These interventions will be community-targeted and will seek community involvement through the primary health care approach. Origin: Gr. Trachoma = roughness (07 May 1998) |
| transferred ophthalmia | A serous or plastic uveitis caused by a perforating wound of the uvea followed by a similar severe reaction in the other eye that may lead to bilateral blindness. Synonym: transferred ophthalmia. (05 Mar 2000) |
| endophthalmitis ophthalmia nodosa | Endophthalmitis due to intraocular caterpillar hairs. See: ophthalmia nodosa. (05 Mar 2000) |
| bridging hepatic necrosis | Area of liver necrosis which bridges adjacent portal areas and central veins; subsequent post-necrotic collapse and fibrosis is likely to result in cirrhosis. (05 Mar 2000) |
| right branch of proper hepatic artery | <anatomy, artery> Right branch of proper hepatic artery; terminal branch of proper hepatic artery supplying right lobe of liver; branch: cystic artery. Synonym: ramus dexter arteriae hepaticae propriae, right branch of proper hepatic artery. (05 Mar 2000) |
| right hepatic artery | <anatomy, artery> Right branch of proper hepatic artery; terminal branch of proper hepatic artery supplying right lobe of liver; branch: cystic artery. Synonym: ramus dexter arteriae hepaticae propriae, right branch of proper hepatic artery. (05 Mar 2000) |
| right hepatic duct | The duct that transmits bile to the common hepatic duct from the right half of the liver and the right part of the caudate lobe. Synonym: ductus hepaticus dexter. (05 Mar 2000) |
| right hepatic veins | Veins draining much of the right lobe of the liver (posterior segments [VI & VII] and part of the inferior anterior segment [V]) which merge to form a single or sometimes double trunk, draining into the right side of the suprahepatic portion of the inferior vena cava (between the superior surface of the liver and the diaphragm); when single, it is the largest vein of the liver. Synonym: venae hepaticae dextrae. (05 Mar 2000) |
| middle hepatic veins | Veins draining the central portion of the liver (the superior anterior segment [VIII] and the left side of the inferior anterior segment [V] of the right lobe and the medial segment [IV] of the left lobe) which join to form a trunk that merges with that of the left hepatic veins about 90% of the time prior to entering the left side of the inferior vena cava. Synonym: venae hepaticae mediae. (05 Mar 2000) |
| common hepatic artery | <anatomy, artery> Origin, coeliac; branches, right gastric, gastroduodenal, and proper hepatic. Synonym: arteria hepatica communis. (05 Mar 2000) |
| common hepatic duct | The part of the biliary duct system that is formed by the confluence of right and left hepatic ducts. at the porta hepatis it is joined by the cystic duct to become the common bile duct. Synonym: ductus hepaticus communis, hepatocystic duct. (05 Mar 2000) |
| constitutional hepatic dysfunction | Mild jaundice due to increased amounts of unconjugated bilirubin in the plasma without evidence of liver damage, biliary obstruction, or haemolysis; thought to be due to an inborn error of metabolism in which the excretion of bilirubin by the liver is defective, ascribed to decreased conjugation of bilirubin as a glucuronide or impaired uptake of hepatic bilirubin. Synonym: benign familial icterus, constitutional hepatic dysfunction, Gilbert's disease, Gilbert's syndrome, Hebra's disease. (05 Mar 2000) |
| porphyria, hepatic | Porphyria in which the liver is the site where excess formation of porphyrin or its precursors is found. Porphyria, acute intermittent and porphyria cutanea tarda are types of hepatic porphyria. (12 Dec 1998) |