| 영문 | nerve cell | 한글 | 신경세포 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 신경세포는 올바른 신경전달을 위한 각 부분별로 나뉘어져 있다. 신경세포에서는 전해져오는 자극을 전기적인 신호로 바뀌어 보내거나 받게 된다. 이런 전기적인 현상은 각 신경세포내에 존재하는 각 이온채널(ion channel: ion이란 나트륨, 칼륨 등을 지칭하는 말들로써, 이들이 세포막에 의해 나뉘어질 때 생기는 전압차가 전기적 자극을 일으키고 유지하는데 결정적인 역할을 한다)들의 작용에 의해 이루어지게 된다. |
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| 영문 | glia cell | 한글 | 아교세포 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 신경세포 사이에서 그물구조를 이루며 이를 지지하는 조직. 신경아교세포는 신경모세포와 갈라진 아교모세포가 다시 여러 형태로 분화-성장한 것이다. 뇌실이나 척수중심관의 벽을 덮고 원주상 또는 입방형이며, 초기에는 유리면에 섬모가 있다. 대형세포는 별뇌실막세포는 아교세포라고 하며, 신경세포나 신경섬유 사이에 산재한다. 그 외에 희소돌기아교세포도 포함된다. |
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| 영문 | reserve cell | 한글 | 예비세포 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 일반적으로 상피조직에서 이미 있던 상피세포가 손상을 받아 사멸하면 매꿔지는 그 밑에 있는 미분화세포 예를 들면, 기관지 내표면을 덮는 중층 원주 상피의 기저에 있는 작은 미분화 상피 세포. |
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| 영문 | stem cell | 한글 | 줄기세포, 간세포 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 자기 복제를 하여 자신을 존속시키면서 한편으로는 증식과 분화를 하여 새로운 세포를 형성하는 세포로서 조혈줄기세포가 대표적이다. 조혈줄기세포는 골수에 있는 세포로서 모든 혈구세포가 여기에서 분화되어 발생한다. |
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| 영문 | renal cell carcinoma | 한글 | 콩팥세포암종 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 콩팥에 생긴 원시콩팥조직에서 발생한 암. 주로 원시세뇨관조직에서 발생한다. 대표적인 세포조직형은 염색시 세포질이 맑게 비어보이는 맑은세포암종이다. 치료는 수술과 항암화학요법이며 아주 드물지만 저절로 낫는 경우도 있는 것으로 보고되어 있다. |
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| PHC | personal health costs; posthospital care; premolar hypodontia, hyperhidrosis, [premature] canities [... |
|---|---|
| TH | tension headache; tetrahydrocortisol; T helper [cell]; theophylline; thorax; thrill; thyrohyoid; thy... |
| ISA | Instrument Society of America; intracarotid sodium amytal; intrinsic simulating activity; intrinsic ... |
| SA | salicylic acid; saline [solution]; salt added; sarcoidosis; sarcoma; scalenus anticus; secondary ame... |
| ACC | accommodation; acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase; acinic cell carcinoma; acute care center; adenoid cyst... |
| activity, drug | A measure of the physiological response a drug produces in the body. A less active drug produces less response (and visa versa). (12 Dec 1998) |
|---|---|
| blocking activity | The repression or elimination of electrical activity in the brain by the arrival of a sensory stimulus. (05 Mar 2000) |
| blood bactericidal activity | Native bactericidal property of blood due to normally occurring antibacterial substances such as beta lysin, leukin, etc. (12 Dec 1998) |
| melanoma growth stimulatory activity | Cytokine of the C X C subfamily. Potent mitogen. Activates and is chemotactic for, neutrophils. (18 Nov 1997) |
| water activity | <chemistry> An expression of the relative availability of water in a substance. Pure water has an water activity of 1.000. The water activity of a solution is one-hundredth its relative humidity. (09 Oct 1997) |
| motor activity | The physical activity of an organism as a behavioural phenomenon. (12 Dec 1998) |
| complement haemolytic activity assay | Usual screening assay for complement. Dilutions of the serum to be tested are added to antibody-coated erythrocytes and the percentage of lysis is measured. The values are expressed by ch50, haemolytic complement units per milliliter, which is the dilution of serum required to lyse 50 percent of the erythrocytes in the assay. (12 Dec 1998) |
| plasma renin activity | The estimation of renin in plasma by measuring the rate of formation of angiotensin I or II. (05 Mar 2000) |
| solar activity | Any type of variation in the appearance of energy output of the sun. (12 Dec 1998) |
| specific activity | 1. <chemistry> The number of activity units (whatever is appropriate) per unit of mass, volume or molarity. 2. <radiobiology> Total activity of a given nuclide per gram of a compound, element or radioactive nuclide. Perhaps most often usage, in the context of radiochemicals, the number of microcuries per micromole. (16 Dec 1997) |
| structure activity analysis | Study in which systematic variation in the structure of a compound is correlated with its activity, in an attempt to determine the characteristics of the (receptor) site at which it acts. (18 Nov 1997) |
| structure-activity relationship | The relationship between the chemical structure of a compound and its biological or pharmacological activity. Compounds are often classed together because they have structural characteristics in common including shape, size, stereochemical arrangement, and distribution of functional groups. Other factors contributing to structure-activity relationship include chemical reactivity, electronic effects, resonance, and inductive effects. (12 Dec 1998) |
| nonsuppressible insulin-like activity | A blood protein (nsila) which mimics the biological activity of insulin in serum, but is not suppressed by insulin antibodies. During acid-ethanol extraction of cohn fraction III, 10% of the activity is found in the supernatant (nsila-s) and the remaining activity in the precipitate (nsila-p). The latter is a large molecular compound, much less stable than the soluble fraction. Nsila-s is a more potent growth factor than insulin and exhibits sulfation activity. (12 Dec 1998) |
| drug activity | A measure of the physiological response a drug produces. A less active drug produces less response (and visa versa). (12 Dec 1998) |
| insulin-like activity | A measure of substances, usually in plasma, that exert biologic effects similar to those of insulin in various bioassays; sometimes used as a measure of plasma insulin concentrations; always gives higher values than immunochemical techniques for the measurement of insulin. (05 Mar 2000) |