| 영문 | smooth muscle | 한글 | 민무늬근육, 평활근육 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 근육 중에서 가로무늬가 없는 근. 가로무늬근에 대응되는 말이다. 척추동물에서는 심장근 이외의 내장근은 모두가 민무늬근이다. 많은 내장장기의 벽에 분포되어 있으며, 대개 돌림층과 세로층의 두 층으로 배열되어 있다. 소화관이나 요관 같은 관모양의 구조에서는 꿈틀운동을 일으켜 내용물이 아래로 내려가게 하는 작용을 한다. 항문관, 위, 요도 등에서는 돌림층의 근육이 특히 두꺼워져 내용물이 내려가는 것을 조절하는 조임근육이 형성되어 있다. 혈관에는 돌림층만 있으며, 혈관을 수축하여 혈액을 쥐어짜는 작용을 한다. 또한 자율신경의 지배를 받으며, 우리의 의지와 관계없이 작용한다. |
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| 영문 | voluntary muscle | 한글 | 수의근 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 의지의 힘으로 움직일 수 있는 근육. 골격근 외에 피부 내의 피근, 관절주머니에 부착하고 있는 관절근 등이 여기에 속한다. 수의근의 근섬유에는 가로무늬가 있으므로 가로무늬근이라고도 하나, 심장근은 가로 무늬가 있어도 수의근이 아니므로 수의근과 가로무늬근은 동의어는 아니다. 수의근의 운동은 민무늬근보다 빠르다. 수의근이라 해도 골격근 등은 근육무리로서 움직일 수 있으나, 개개의 근육은 따로따로 마음대로 움직이게 할 수 없다. 귓바퀴근육은 사람의 경우 발육이 나빠 마음대로 움직이게 하기 어렵다. |
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| 영문 | facial muscle | 한글 | 얼굴근육 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 얼굴의 피부를 움직이고 이에 부착되어 있는 얼굴신경의 공급을 받는 수많은 근육을 포함하는 얼굴표정근이나 모방근. |
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| HN | head and neck; head nurse; hemagglutinin neuraminidase; hematemesis neonatorum; hemorrhage of newbor... |
|---|---|
| ASM | acid sphingomyelinase; airway smooth muscle; American Society for Microbiology; anterior scalenus mu... |
| CM | California mastitis [test]; calmodulin; capreomycin; carboxymethyl; cardiac murmur; cardiac muscle; ... |
| LM | lactic acid mineral [medium]; lactose malabsorption; laryngeal mask; laryngeal muscle; lateral malle... |
| MG | Marcus Gunn [pupil]; margin; medial gastrocnemius [muscle]; membranous glomerulonephritis; menopausa... |
pin-head pigmentation spot
| anterior ligament of head of fibula | A ligament uniting the anterior part of the head of the fibula to the tibia. Synonym: ligamentum capitis fibulae anterius. (05 Mar 2000) |
|---|---|
| apex of head of fibula | The pointed upper end of the fibular head to which is attached the arcuate popliteal ligament and part of the biceps femoris tendon. Synonym: apex capitis fibulae, styloid process of fibula. (05 Mar 2000) |
| articular pit of head of radius | The depression on the top (superior surface) of the head of the radius for articulation with the capitulum of the humerus. Synonym: fovea articularis capitis radii, articular pit of head of radius. (05 Mar 2000) |
| articular surface of head of fibula | The flat circular surface on the head of the fibula for articulation with the corresponding facet on the lateral condyle of the tibia. Synonym: facies articularis capitis fibulae. (05 Mar 2000) |
| articular surface of head of rib | An articular surface on the head of a rib that articulates with the body of a vertebra. Synonym: facies articularis capitis costae. (05 Mar 2000) |
| big-head | 1. In horses, usually denotes osteodystrophia fibrosa. 2. Gas gangrene infection of tissues of the head, caused by Clostridium novyi in sheep, usually young rams with head wounds. 3. Photosensitization in sheep. 4. An acute disease of young rams caused by the Clostridium novyi, C. Sordellii or, rarely, C. Chauvoei and characterised by a nongaseous, nonhemorrhagic, edematous swelling of the head and neck. (05 Mar 2000) |
| bulldog head | The broad head with high vault occurring in achondroplasia. (05 Mar 2000) |
| radial head | The name applied to a head of origin of a muscle arising from the radius. Nomina Anatomica no longer lists any muscles as having radial heads, although formerly a radial head was listed for the flexor digitorum superficialis muscle Synonym: caput radiale. (05 Mar 2000) |
| radial head subluxation | Subluxation of the radial head within the elbow joint is also referred to as nursemaid's elbow. This orthopaedic condition is seen commonly in toddlers who may be lifted up by outstretched arms. Instability of the radial head leads to subluxation. The child with nursemaid's usually has their arm in hanging in extension at their side and any attempted movement of the elbow joint is met with pain. (27 Sep 1997) |
| radiate ligament of head of rib | The radiate, stellate, or anterior costovertebral ligament connecting the head of each rib to the bodies of the two vertebrae with which it articulates. Synonym: ligamentum capitis costae radiatum, ligamentum radiatum, radiate ligament, stellate ligament. (05 Mar 2000) |
| regions of head | The topographical division of the cranium in relation to the bones of the cranial vault; the regions include frontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal. Synonym: regiones capitis. (05 Mar 2000) |
| medial head | The head of origin closest to the midline. Nomina Anatomica lists medial head of the following: 1) triceps brachii muscle (... Musculi tricipitis brachii ); 2) gastrocnemius muscle (... Musculi gastrocnemii ). Synonym: caput mediale. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Medusa head | Varicose veins radiating from the umbilicus, seen in the Cruveilhier-Baumgarten syndrome, dilated ciliary arteries girdling the corneoscleral limbus in rubeosis iridis. Synonym: Medusa head. Origin: Medusa, G. Myth. Char. (05 Mar 2000) |
| closed head injury | A head injury in which continuity of the scalp and mucous membranes is maintained. (05 Mar 2000) |
| cold in the head | An acute catarrhal inflammation of the mucous membrane of the nose, marked by sneezing, lacrimation, and a profuse secretion of watery mucus; usually associated with infection by one of the common cold viruses. Synonym: cold in the head, coryza. (05 Mar 2000) |