| CDER | Center for Drug Evaluation and Research; chronic granulomatous disease |
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| CGD | chronic granulomatous disease |
| CGI | chronic granulomatous inflammation; Clinical Global Impression [scale]; common gateway interface [of... |
| FGD | fatal granulomatous disease |
| GANS | granulomatous angiitis of the nervous system |
| chronic granulomatous disease | <disease> Chronic granulomatous disease is usually fatal in childhood, in which the production of hydrogen peroxide by phagocytes does not occur because of a lesion in an NADP dependent oxidase. Catalase negative bacteria are not killed and there is no luminol enhanced chemiluminescence when the cells are tested. The absence of the oxygen dependent killing mechanism is not itself fatal but seriously compromises the primary defense system. at least three separate lesions can cause the syndrome, the commonest being a defect in plasma membrane cytochrome. Acronym: CGD (12 Jan 1998) |
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| chronic granulomatous disease of childhood | <radiology> Disorder of phagocytosis, two forms: X-linked recessive, autosomal recessive, usually fatal in childhood, infection by nonpathogenic organisms (catalase positive), pneumonia, osteomyelitis, diarrhoea, abdominal pain Findings: recurrent pneumonia (resolves incompletely, with abscess formation), adenopathy (big hila), hepatosplenomegaly, calcified granulomata in liver, spleen, lymph nodes, gastric antral narrowing (!) Cf: Chediak-Higashi syndrome More info: chronic granulomatous disease (12 Dec 1998) |
| neurocranial granulomatous arteritis | A small vessel giant cell arteritis which affects only intracranial blood vessels, of unknown aetiology, and with diverse clinical manifestations, including those seen with an involving cerebral tumour, and with a lower grade meningitis, leading to infarction of one portion of the cerebrum or cerebellum. (05 Mar 2000) |
| subacute granulomatous thyroiditis | Thyroiditis with round cell (usually lymphocytes) infiltration, destruction of thyroid cells, epithelial giant cell proliferation, and evidence of regeneration; thought by some to be a reflection of a systemic infection and not an example of true chronic thyroiditis. Synonym: de Quervain's thyroiditis, giant cell thyroiditis. (05 Mar 2000) |
| intracranial granulomatous arteritis | A small vessel, giant cell arteritis that affects only intracranial blood vessels, of unknown aetiology, and with diverse clinical manifestations, including those seen with an involving cerebral tumour, and with a low grade meningitis, leading to infarction of one portion of the cerebrum or cerebellum. (05 Mar 2000) |
| enteritis, granulomatous | Crohn's disease by another name, a chronic inflammatory disease of the intestine primarily in the small and large intestines but which can occur anywhere in the digestive system between the mouth and the anus. Named after Burrill Crohn who described the disease in 1932. The disease usually affects persons in their teens or early twenties. It tends to be a chronic, recurrent condition with periods of remission and exacerbation. In the early stages, Crohn's disease causes small scattered shallow crater-like areas (erosions) called apthous ulcers in the inner surface of the bowel. With time, deeper and larger ulcers develop, causinG scarring and stiffness of the bowel and the bowel becomes increasingly narrowed, leading to obstruction. Deep ulcers can puncture holes in the bowel wall, leading to infection in the abdominal cavity (peritonitis) and in adjacent organs.When only the large intestine (colon) is involved, the condition is called Crohn's colitis. When only the small intestine is involved, the condition is called Crohn's enteritis. When only the end of the small intestine (the terminal ileum) is involved, it is termed terminal ileitis. When both the small intestine and the large intestine are involved, the condition is called Crohn's enterocolitis (or ileocolitis). Abdominal pain, diarrhoea, vomiting, fever, and weight loss can be symptoms. Crohn's disease can be associated with reddish tender skin nodules, and inflammation of the joints, spine, eyes, and liver. Diagnosis is by barium enema, barium X-ray of the small bowel, and colonoscopy. Treatment includes medications for inflammation, immune suppression, antibiotics, or surgery. (The disease is also called regional enteritis). (12 Dec 1998) |
| amoebic colitis | Inflammation of the colon in amoebiasis. (05 Mar 2000) |
| colitis | <pathology> Inflammation of the colon. (18 Nov 1997) |
| colitis, crohn's | Crohn's disease affecting only the large intestine (colon). The disease usually affects persons in their teens or early twenties. It tends to be chronic, recurrent with periods of remission and exacerbation. In the early stages, it causes small scattered shallow crater-like areas (erosions) called apthous ulcers in the inner surface of the bowel. With time, deeper and larger ulcers develop, causing scarring and stiffness of the bowel and the bowel becomes increasingly narrowed, leading to obstruction. Deep ulcers can puncture holes in the bowel wall, leading to infection in the abdominal cavity (peritonitis) and in adjacent organs. Abdominal pain, diarrhoea, vomiting, fever, and weight loss can be symptoms. Crohn's disease can be associated with reddish tender skin nodules, and inflammation of the joints, spine, eyes, and liver. Diagnosis is by barium enema, barium X-ray of the small bowel, and colonoscopy. Treatment includes medications for inflammation, immune suppression, antibiotics, or surgery. (The disease is also called granulomatous enteritis or regional enteritis). (12 Dec 1998) |
| colitis cystica profunda | Intramural mucus-containing cysts of the large bowel; the condition may be mistaken for mucinous carcinoma but is not neoplastic. (05 Mar 2000) |
| colitis cystica superficialis | A form of colitis in which there is superficial cyst formation in the colon. (05 Mar 2000) |
| colitis gravis | An obsolete term for ulcerative colitis. (05 Mar 2000) |
| colitis, ischemic | Acute vascular insufficiency of the colon usually involving the portion supplied by the inferior mesenteric artery. The symptoms include pain at the iliac fossa, bloody diarrhoea, low-grade fever, abdominal distention, and abdominal tenderness. The classic radiologic sign is thumbprinting due to localised elevation of the mucosa by submucosal haemorrhage or oedema. Ulceration may follow. (12 Dec 1998) |
| colitis, mucus | A common gastrointestinal disorder characterised by abdominal pain, bloating, mucous in stools, and irregular bowel habits with alternating diarrhoea and constipation, symptoms that tend to be chronic and wax and wane over the years. Although mucus colitis can cause chronic recurrent discomfort, it appears to be an abnormal condition of gut contractions (motility) and does not lead to any serious organ problems. Diagnosis usually involves excluding other illnesses. Treatment is directed toward relief of symptoms and includes high fibre diet, exercise, relaxation techniques, avoidance of caffeine, milk products and sweeteners, and medications. Alternative names include irritable bowel syndrome, spastic colitis and nervous colon syndrome. (12 Dec 1998) |
| colitis, pseudomembranous | Severe inflammation of the inner lining of the colon due usually to the clostridium difficile (C.difficile) bacterium, one of the most common causes of infection of the large bowel (colon) in the United States, affecting millions of patients yearly. Patients taking antibiotics are at risk of becoming infected with C. Difficile. Antibiotics disrupt the natural bacteria of the bowel, allowing C. Difficile bacteria to become established in the colon. Many persons infected with C. Difficile bacteria have no symptoms. These people become carriers of the bacteria and can infect others. In some people, a toxin produced by C. Difficile causes diarrhoea, abdominal pain, severe inflammation of the colon (colitis), fever, an elevated white blood count, vomiting and dehydration. Rarely, the walls of the colon wear away and holes develop (colon perforation), which can lead to a life-threatening infection of the abdomen. (12 Dec 1998) |