| 영문 | system | 한글 | 계, 계통 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 인체를 구성하는 계는 다음과 같이 구분된다. 1) 심장혈관계통(cardiovascular system) 2) 호흡기계(respiratory system) 3) 소화기계(digeshive system) 4) 비뇨기계(urinary system) 5) 생식기계(genital system) 6) 혈액계(hematologic system) 7) 내분비계(endocrine system) 8) 신경계(nervous system) 9) 골격계(skeletal system) 10) 근육계(muscular system) 11) 피부계(integumentary system). |
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| 영문 | sympathetic nervous system | 한글 | 교감신경계 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 자율신경계의 일종으로 내장기능을 주로 항진시켜 활동을 증가시키는 기능을 가진다. 자율신경계의 다른 계열인 부교감신경계는 반대로 내장기능을 억제시켜 에너지를 비축하는 기능을 가진다. 자율신경계의 해부학적 특성은 신경이 중추신경계에서 나와 목표장기에 도달하기 전에 한번의 시냅스(synapse)를 이룬다는 점이며, 따라서 자율신경계는 두 개의 신경(시냅스를 이루기 전의 절전신경과 이룬 후의 절후신경)으로 구성된다. 자율신경계중 교감신경계는 중추신경계 즉 척수 부근의 교감신경절(sympathetic ganglion)에서 시냅스가 일어나고, 부교감 신경계는 중추신경계에서 멀리 떨어진 목표 장기부근의 신경절(ganglion)에서 시냅스가 일어나는 점이 다르다. |
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| 영문 | musculoskeletal System | 한글 | 근골격계 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 근육과 이들 근육이 붙어서 같이 활동을 수행하는 골격(뼈를 통털어 말함)을 함께 부르는 말. 따라서 여기의 근육은 모두 가로무늬근에 속하며, 수의적으로 움직일 수 있다. |
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| 영문 | muscular system | 한글 | 근육계통 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 근육에 의해 이루어진 하나의 계통을 임의적으로 나누어 부른 말. |
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| 영문 | male reproductive system | 한글 | 남성생식기계 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 남성의 생식기는 여러 기관으로 구성되어 있다. 고환, 부고환, 정관, 정낭, 전립샘, 외부성기(음경) 등으로 구성되는데, 실제적으로 정자를 생성하는 곳은 단 한 곳 고환뿐이며, 나머지 기관은 이를 돕는 기능을 수행하고 있다. 정자는 고환의 정세관이란 곳에서 만들어진 뒤에 밖으로 나와 긴 여정을 시작하게 된다. 그 뒤 부고환을 지나 좀 더 성숙해 진 뒤에 정관에서 정낭의 분비물과 만나고 다시 요도로 나가게 된다. 이때 요도 뒤쪽에 위치하는 전립샘의 분비물이 합쳐지게 되고 이 정액은 외부성기를 거쳐서 밖으로 나가게 된다.  |
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| GSD-0 | glycogen storage disease-zero |
|---|---|
| GT1-GT10 | glycogen storage disease, types 1 to 10 |
| MLG | mesiolingual groove; mitochondrial lipid glycogen |
| MDS | Master of Dental Surgery; maternal deprivation syndrome; medical data screening; medical data system... |
| MPS | meconium plug syndrome; medial premotor system; Member of the Pharmaceutical Society; microbial prof... |
| glycogen synthase | <enzyme> An enzyme of the transferase class that catalyses the reaction of udpglucose and (1,4-alpha-d-glucosyl)n to yield udp and 1,4-alpha-d-glucosyl)n+1. The reaction is highly regulated by allosteric effectors, by phosphorylation reactions, and by insulin. Chemical name: UDPglucose:glycogen 4-alpha-D-glucosyltransferase Registry number: EC 2.4.1.11 (12 Dec 1998) |
|---|---|
| glycogen synthase-d phosphatase | <enzyme> An enzyme that catalyses the conversion of phosphorylated, inactive glycogen synthase d to active dephosphoglycogen synthase I. Chemical name: (UDPglucose:glycogen 4-alpha-D-glucosyltransferase-D) phosphohydrolase Registry number: EC 3.1.3.42 (12 Dec 1998) |
| glycogen synthetase | <enzyme> An enzyme which makes amylose out of glucose molecules (a type of sugar) and attaches them to glycogen (a type of polysaccharide). (09 Oct 1997) |
| UDPglucose-glycogen glucose 1-phosphotransferase | <enzyme> Catalyses the transfer of glucose 1-phosphate onto c-6 of glucose residues in glycogen to form a phosphodiester Registry number: EC 2.7.8.- Synonym: ugg-glcptase (26 Jun 1999) |
| liver glycogen | Glycogen stored in the liver. (12 Dec 1998) |
| acetyl-activating enzyme | A ligase that catalyses the reaction of acetate and CoA and ATP to form AMP, pyrophosphate, and acetyl-CoA. A key step in the activation of acetate. Synonym: acetate thiokinase, acetate-CoA ligase, acetyl-activating enzyme, acetyl-CoA synthetase. (05 Mar 2000) |
| acyl-activating enzyme | <enzyme> Fatty acid thiokinase (long-chain), a ligase forming acyl-CoA, AMP, and pyrophosphate from long-chain fatty acids, ATP, and coenzyme A. Activity is independent of phosphatidylcholine Registry number: EC 6.2.1.3 Synonym: acyl-activating enzyme, dodecanoyl-CoA synthetase, fatty acid thiokinase (long chain), acid-coenzyme a ligase, fatty acid-CoA ligase, acyl-CoA synthetase, acyl-CoA ligase, coash ligase, ciprofibroyl-CoA synthetase, pristanoyl-CoA synthetase, palmityl CoA synthetase, palmitoyl CoA synthetase, palmitoyl CoA ligase, fatty acyl-CoA synthetase, very long chain fatty acid acyl-CoA synthetase, vlcfa acyl-CoA synthetase, nafenopin-CoA ligase, palmitoyl-CoA synthase, faa2 gene product, faa2p protein, vlacs enzyme (26 Jun 1999) |
| adaptive enzyme | Inducible enzyme, an enzyme that can be detected in a growing culture of a microorganism, after the addition of a particular substance (inducer) to the culture medium, but was not detectable prior to the addition and can act on the inducer. A prototype is the beta-galactosidase of Escherichia coli, synthesised upon the addition of various galactosides, whether or not these are good substrates. Compare: constitutive enzyme. Synonym: adaptive enzyme. (05 Mar 2000) |
| allosteric enzyme | <biochemistry, chemistry> A regulatory enzyme whose activity is modified by the noncovalent binding of a particular metabolite at a site (the allosteric site) other than the active site. (09 Oct 1997) |
| amino acid activating enzyme | <enzyme> Enzymes catalyzing the formation of a specific aminoacyl-tRNA from an amino acid and adenosine 5'-triphosphate with the concomitant formation of adenosine 5'-monophosphate and pyrophosphate. Synonym: amino acid activating enzyme, aminoacyl-tRNA ligases. (05 Mar 2000) |
| angiotensin-converting enzyme | <enzyme> This hydrolase enzyme cleaves the decapeptide angiotensin I (biologically inactive) to form active angiotensin II by angiotensin-converting enzyme which removes a dipeptide (histidylleucine) from angiotensin I. Angiotensin II causes contraction of vascular smooth muscle and thus raises blood pressure and stimulates aldosterone release from the adrenal glands. Angiotensin is finally broken down by angiotensinases. Elevations in angiotensin converting enzyme are seen sarcoidosis, histoplasmosis, alcoholic cirrhosis, asbestosis, berylliosis, diabetes, Hodgkin's disease, hyperthyroidism, amyloidosis, primary biliary cirrhosis, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, pulmonary embolism, scleroderma, silicosis, tuberculosis, Gaucher's disease and leprosy. The normal values are 18 to 67 U/ml over 20 years of age (people under 20 have higher levels). Drugs that inhibit ACE are used to treat hypertension and congestive heart failure. See: angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor Acronym: ACE (12 Aug 2000) |
| angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor | <pharmacology> A class of drugs used in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure. They exert their haemodynamic effect mainly by inhibiting the renin-angiotensin system and produce a reduction of peripheral arterial resistance. They also modulate sympathetic nervous system activity and increase prostaglandin synthesis. They cause mainly vasodilation and mild natriuresis without affecting heart rate and contractility. (14 Aug 2000) |
| angiotensin-converting enzyme secretase | <enzyme> Converts ace from a membrane-bound to a soluble form; not inhibited by thiol, serine or acid enzyme inhibitor but is inhibited by edta and 1,10-phenanthroline Registry number: EC 3.4.99.- Synonym: ace secretase (26 Jun 1999) |
| Antibody Directed Enzyme Prodrug Therapy | <pharmacology> A method for targeting a drug to a specific tissue, in which the targeting agent and the drug are administered separately. The drug is designed to be inactive (a prodrug) until it is converted by an enzyme, which is the targeting agent. The enzyme is coupled to an antibody that directs it to the tissue of interest. When the enzyme arrives at the tissue, the prodrug is activated only at that site, sparing other tissues from potentially toxic side effects. Acronym: ADEPT (14 Nov 1997) |
| antitumour enzyme | <enzyme> An enzyme that stimulates the degradation of a particular metabolite that cannot be synthesised by tumour cells, inhibits the synthesis of a metabolite needed by tumour cells, or inhibits tumour-specific DNA utilization; e.g., asparaginase. (05 Mar 2000) |