| endoscopy, gastrointestinal | Visual examination of the gastrointestinal tract by means of a fibreoptic endoscope. It is used to localise, identify, and photograph pathologic alterations, to obtain biopsy material and perform other surgical interventions, and for delivery of medication. (12 Dec 1998) |
|---|---|
| tuberculosis, gastrointestinal | Gastric and/or enteric tuberculosis. This condition is marked by spreading ulcers and diarrhoea. (12 Dec 1998) |
| tuberculosis: gastrointestinal manifestations | <radiology> Ileocaecal area, most common site (80-90%), Stierlin sign, Fleischner sign, thickened ileocaecal valve, fissures, ulcers, sinus tracts, fistulas, perforation, colon, segmental involvement; especially on right side, ulcerating colitis with pseudopolyps, hourglass stricture, wall thickening, gastroduodenal area, simultaneous involvement of pylorus and duodenum, stenotic pylorus with gastric outlet obstruction, narrowed antrum (linitis plastica appearance), ulcers, thickened folds, antral fistula, oesophagus, least common site, ulcers, stricture, mass, sinus tracts (12 Dec 1998) |
| allergy | 1. <immunology> A state of hypersensitivity induced by exposure to a particular antigen (allergen) resulting in harmful immunologic reactions on subsequent exposures, the term is usually used to refer to hypersensitivity to an environmental antigen (atopic allergy or contact dermatitis) or to drug allergy. The original meaning, now obsolete, included all states of altered immunologic reactivity, immunity as well as hypersensitivity. Gell and Coombs used the term allergic reaction to mean any harmful immunologic reaction causing tissue injury. 2. <study> The medical specialty dealing with diagnosis and treatment of allergic disorders. (18 Nov 1997) |
| allergy and immunology | A medical specialty concerned with the hypersensitivity of the individual to foreign substances and protection from the resultant infection or disorder. (12 Dec 1998) |
| allergy desensitization | Stimulation of the immune system with gradually increasing doses of the substances to which a person is allergic, the aim being to modify or stop the allergy war (by reducing the strength of the IgE and its effect on the mast cells). This form of treatment is very effective for allergies to pollen, mites, cats, and especially stinging insects (e.g., bees, hornets, yellowjackets, wasps, velvet ants, fire ants). Allergy immunotherapy usually takes 6 months to a year to become effective and injections ( shots ) are usually required for 3-5 years. (12 Dec 1998) |
| allergy shots | See Allergy desensitization. (12 Dec 1998) |
| allergy skin test | Test done on the skin to identify the allergy substance (allergen) triggering the allergic reaction. A small amount of the suspected allergy substance is placed on the skin. The skin is then gently scratched through the small drop with a special sterile needle. If the skin reddens and, more importantly, swells, then allergy to that substance is probable. (12 Dec 1998) |
| allergy testing | <investigation> A common method of screening a patient for potential allergies. May be given as a patch or a skin test (injection). (27 Sep 1997) |
| atopic allergy | <immunology> An allergic reaction with strong family tendencies. (09 Oct 1997) |
| bacterial allergy | The concept that the atopic kind of type I allergic reactions may be caused by bacterial allergens, the delayed type of skin test, so-called because of its early association with bacterial antigens (e.g., the tuberculin test). (05 Mar 2000) |
| physical allergy | Excessive response to factors in the environment such as heat or cold. (05 Mar 2000) |
| cold allergy | Physical symptoms produced by hypersensitivity to cold. (05 Mar 2000) |
| contact allergy | A delayed type IV allergic reaction of the skin with varying degrees of erythema, oedema, and vesiculation resulting from cutaneous contact with a specific allergen. Synonym: contact allergy. (05 Mar 2000) |
| polyvalent allergy | Allergic response manifested simultaneously for several or numerous specific allergens. (05 Mar 2000) |