| NBS | N-bromosuccinimide; National Bureau of Standards; neuroblastoma supressor; nevoid basal cell carcino... |
|---|---|
| NL | neural lobe; neutral lipid; nodular lymphoma; normal; normal libido, normal limits |
| NS | natural science; Neosporin; nephrosclerosis; nephrotic syndrome; nervous system; neurological surger... |
| DFL | digital film library |
| FDAW | film digitizer acquisition workstation |
acute angle
| gallium-67 citrate | <radiology> Analogue of ferric iron, decay: by electron capture to ground state of Zn-67, energy levels: 92 KeV (40%); 184 KeV (23%); 296 KeV (21%), physiological half life: 3.3 days (78 hr), biological half life: 2-3 weeks, binding sites: serum: transferrin, haptoglobin, albumin, globulins, tissue: lactoferrin, PMN's (viable and nonviable), lymphocytes, macrophages, bacteria and fungi, tumour cell-associated transferrin receptor see: gallium: indications (12 Dec 1998) |
|---|---|
| gallium-68 | A positron emitter with a radioactive half-life of 1.130 hours. (05 Mar 2000) |
| gallium: indications | <radiology> Indications: inflammation, bone, tumour, lung, renal, lymphoma, malignant melanoma NO UPTAKE: most benign neoplasms, haemangioma, cirrhosis, cystic disease of breast, liver, thyroid, reactive lymphadenopathy, inactive granulomatous disease see: gallium-67 citrate (12 Dec 1998) |
| gallium isotopes | Stable gallium atoms that have the same atomic number as the element gallium, but differ in atomic weight. Ga-71 is a stable gallium isotope. (12 Dec 1998) |
| gallium radioisotopes | Unstable isotopes of gallium that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Ga atoms with atomic weights 63-68, 70 and 72-76 are radioactive gallium isotopes. (12 Dec 1998) |
| gallium vs. indium | <radiology> Advantages: Ga-67 citrate, readily available, no preparation, bone and soft-tissue infections, chronic inflammatory processes, In-111 WBCs, no bowel uptake, minimal or no uptake in healing wounds, images easier to interpret, high specificity for inflammatory process (12 Dec 1998) |
| malignant melanoma: gallium imaging | <radiology> Greater than50% sensitivity for primary and metastatic sites: 73% sensitivity if lesion is greater than 2 cm, 17% sensitivity if less than 2 cm, see: gallium: indications malignant melanoma (12 Dec 1998) |
| neoplasm: gallium imaging | <radiology> Useful: Hodgkin disease and histiocytic form of NHL poor sensitivity below the diaphragm, Burkitt lymphoma: almost 100% sensitivity, hepatoma: 90% sensitivity, melanoma: 90% sensitivity, leukaemia possibly useful: NHL: good for large and mediastinal lesions, nodal metastases from seminoma and embryonal cell carcinoma: 87% sensitivity, non-small cell lung CA: 85% sensitive not useful: head and neck, GI (especially adenocarcinoma), breast, gynaecological, kiddie tumours see: gallium: indications (12 Dec 1998) |
| inflammation: gallium imaging | <radiology> Pathophysiology: leakage of protein-bound Ga-67 into extracellular space secondary to increased capillary permeability, Ga-67 is preferentially bound to nonviable PMNs and macrophages, leukocyte incorporation (rich in lactoferrin), bacterial uptake (siderophores), inflammtory tissue stimulates lactoferrin production for chronic abdominal inflammation: 67% sensitivity; 64% specificity; 13% false negatives; 5% false positive, dose: 5 mCi; imaging: 24, 48, 72 hours, diffuse uptake in peritonitis, localised uptake in acute pyogenic abscess, phlegmon, acute cholecystitis, acute pancreatitis, acute gastritis, diverticulitis, inflammatory bowel disease, surgical wound, pyelonephritis, perinephric abscess see: gallium indications, gallium vs. Indium (12 Dec 1998) |
| kidney: gallium imaging | <radiology> 10-20% of Ga-67 excreted via GU tract; no renal activity after 24hrs abnormal uptake (images at 48-72 hrs): tumour, primary renal tumour (variable uptake), lymphoma/leukaemia, metastases (e.g., melanoma), inflammation, acute pyelonephritis (88% sensitivity); abscess, lobar nephroma, others, collagen vascular disease, vasculitis, Wegener granulomatosis, amyloidosis, haemochromatosis, hepatic failure, antineoplastic drugs, transplant rejection: acute, chronic, ATN see also: gallium: indications (12 Dec 1998) |
| lung: gallium imaging | <radiology> Scans at 48 hrs because 50% of normals show activity at 24 hrs, focal uptake, primary pulmonary malignancy, benign disorder: granuloma, abscess, pneumonia, silicosis, multifocal/diffuse uptake, infection, TB: active lesion, miliary TB, rapidly progressive TB pneumonia, PCP: unimpressive symptoms and CXR, CMV, inflammation: sarcoid, interstitial lung disease (pneumoconiosis, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, lymphangitic carcinomatosis), radiation pneumonitis, drugs: bleomycin, amiodarone, contrast lymphangiography (in 50%) see: gallium: indications, uptake with normal chest film (12 Dec 1998) |
| beta-normal | <radiobiology> Beta-N, the normalised beta, is beta relative to the beta limit. (09 Oct 1997) |
| big axillary nodes and normal breasts | <radiology> Consider: lymphoma, leukaemia, rheumatoid arthritis (12 Dec 1998) |
| range, normal | Normal results can fall outside the normal range. By convention, the normal range is set to cover ninety-five percent (95%) of values from a normal population. Five percent (5%) of normal results therefore fall outside the normal range. (12 Dec 1998) |
| human normal immunoglobulin | A preparation of the proteins of liquid human plasma, containing the antibodies of normal adults; it is obtained from pooled liquid human plasma from a number of donors and may be prepared by precipitation with organic solvents under controlled conditions of pH, ionic strength, and temperature. Synonym: human normal immunoglobulin. (05 Mar 2000) |