| 영문 | optic nerve | 한글 | 시각신경 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 시각을 인지하는 신경. 이 신경은 단지 감각신경으로서만 작용한다. 따라서 어떤 사물을 따라 눈을 움직일 수 있는 것은 이 시각신경과는 무관하다(이것은 눈돌림신경(oculomotor nerve)에 의해 가능하다). 또한 시각신경은 고위중추신경계인 뇌에서 직접 분지하므로 손상시 재생은 불가능하며, 이에 대한 치료법은 없다. |
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| 영문 | nerve | 한글 | 신경 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 여러 기관들의 서로간 상호연결체계가 바로 신경계이다. 이러한 신경계는 각 신경세포들에 의해 이루어지고 있으며, 여기에는 중추신경계(central nerve system: CNS)와 말초신경계(peripheral nerve system: PNS)가 있다. 중추신경계란 뇌와 척수를 말하며, 말초신경계는 12쌍의 뇌신경(cranial nerve: 뇌에서 기시하여 주로 얼굴부위와 목 부위에 분포한다)과 31쌍의 척수신경(spinal nerve: spinal cord에서 각기 양쪽으로 쌍을 이루어 나오는데 주로 목이하부위의 신체 각 부분으로 분포하게 된다)으로 구성되어 있다. 또한 말초신경계에는 앞에서 말한 뇌신경과 척수신경외에 자율신경계가 존재한다. 자율신경계는 다시 교감신경과 부교감신경으로 나뉘어져 서로간의 올바른 상호작용으로 몸속에서 여러 가지 작용을 수행한다. |
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| 영문 | nerve cell | 한글 | 신경세포 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 신경세포는 올바른 신경전달을 위한 각 부분별로 나뉘어져 있다. 신경세포에서는 전해져오는 자극을 전기적인 신호로 바뀌어 보내거나 받게 된다. 이런 전기적인 현상은 각 신경세포내에 존재하는 각 이온채널(ion channel: ion이란 나트륨, 칼륨 등을 지칭하는 말들로써, 이들이 세포막에 의해 나뉘어질 때 생기는 전압차가 전기적 자극을 일으키고 유지하는데 결정적인 역할을 한다)들의 작용에 의해 이루어지게 된다. |
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| 영문 | facial nerve | 한글 | 얼굴신경 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 표정근을 지배하는 큰 운동신경과 작은 중간신경으로 구성된다. 좁은 의미의 얼굴신경과 중간신경으로 이루어지는 혼합신경이다. 속귀신경과 함께 속귓길로 들어가고 그 바닥에서 속귀신경과 갈라져 얼굴신경관으로 들어가, 거의 직각으로 구부러지는 부분을 얼굴신경무릎이라 하며, 여기에 무릎신경마디가 있다. |
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| fourth heart sound | The sound produced in late diastole in association with ventricular filling due to atrial systole and related to reduced ventricular compliance. It is a low frequency oscillation that may be normal at older ages owing to a physiologic decline in ventricular compliance but is nearly always abnormal at younger ages if it is of high intensity or palpable. It is common in ventricular hypertrophy, particularly with hypertension, and is almost invariable during acute myocardial infarction. Fourth heart sounds may arise from the right or left ventricle or both. Synonym: atrial sound. (05 Mar 2000) |
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| fourth parallel pelvic plane | The lower opening of the true pelvis, bounded anteriorly by the pubic arch, laterally by the rami of the ischium and the sacrotuberous ligament on either side, and posteriorly by these ligaments and the tip of the coccyx. Synonym: apertura pelvis inferior, apertura pelvis minoris, fourth parallel pelvic plane, pelvic outlet, pelvic plane of outlet, plane of outlet. (05 Mar 2000) |
| fourth stage of labour | The hour or two after delivery when the tone of the uterus is established and the uterus contracts down again. (12 Dec 1998) |
| fourth turbinated bone | A small concha frequently present on the posterosuperior part of the lateral nasal wall; it overlies the supreme nasal meatus. Synonym: concha nasalis suprema, fourth turbinated bone, highest concha, highest turbinated bone, Santorini's concha, concha santorini, supraturbinal, supreme concha, supreme turbinated bone, turbinated body. (05 Mar 2000) |
| fourth ventricle | A cavity of irregular tentlike shape extending from the obex rostralward to its communication with the sylvian aqueduct, enclosed between the cerebellum dorsally and the rhombencephalic tegmentum ventrally, having a rhomboid-shaped floor (rhomboid fossa) and a tentlike roof which in its caudal part is formed by the tela choroidea and the posterior medullary velum, in its middle part by the white matter of the cerebellum, and in its narrowing rostral part (recessus superior) by the anterior medullary velum. The fourth ventricle reaches its greatest width at the pontomedullary transition, where it expands laterally behind the cerebellar peduncles into the spoutlike lateral recess, and its greatest height at the fastigial recess, which reaches up into the cerebellar white matter. Direct communication of the brain's ventricle system and the subarachnoid space is established at the level of the fourth ventricle by a median opening in the tela choroidea, the medial aperture of Magendie's foramen, which opens into the cerebellomedullary cistern, and on both sides by the lateral aperture or foramen of Luschka, which connects the lateral recess with the interpeduncular cistern. Synonym: ventriculus quartus, ventricle of rhombencephalon. (05 Mar 2000) |
| fourth ventricle mass | <radiology> IN ADULTS: choroid plexus papilloma, haemangioblastoma, vermian metastasis, arteriovenous malformation (AVM), inflammatory mass/cyst IN KIDS: medulloblastoma, uniform enhancement, homogeneous, ependymoma, patchy enhancement, heterogeneous, calcified (12 Dec 1998) |
| lateral recess of fourth ventricle | The narrow recess of the ventricle that extends laterally over, and down along the side of, the inferior cerebellar peduncle and the overlying cochlear nuclei; at its tip it opens by way of Luschka's foramen into the interopeduncular cistern of the subarachnoid space. By way of this recess, part of the choroid plexus of the fourth ventricle protrudes into the subarachnoid space. Synonym: recessus lateralis ventriculi quarti. (05 Mar 2000) |
| ascending lumbar vein | <anatomy, vein> Paired, vertical vein of the posterior abdominal wall, adjacent and parallel to the vertebral column, posterior to the origin of the psoas major muscle; it connects the common iliac, iliolumbar, and lumbar veins in the paravertebral line, the right vein joining the right subcostal vein to form the azygos vein, the left vein uniting with the left subcostal vein to form the hemiazygos vein. Synonym: vena lumbalis ascendens. (05 Mar 2000) |
| ventral primary rami of lumbar spinal nerves | See: ventral primary ramus of spinal nerve. Synonym: rami ventrales nervorum lumbalium. (05 Mar 2000) |
| medial lumbar intertransversarii muscles | Origin, accessory and mamillary processes of lumbar vertebrae; insertion, corresponding processes of next superior vertebra; action, abducts lumbar vertebrae; nerve supply, dorsal primary rami of lumbar spinal nerves. Synonym: musculi intertransversarii mediales lumborum, medial lumbar intertransverse muscles. (05 Mar 2000) |
| medial lumbar intertransverse muscles | Origin, accessory and mamillary processes of lumbar vertebrae; insertion, corresponding processes of next superior vertebra; action, abducts lumbar vertebrae; nerve supply, dorsal primary rami of lumbar spinal nerves. Synonym: musculi intertransversarii mediales lumborum, medial lumbar intertransverse muscles. (05 Mar 2000) |
| right lumbar lymph nodes | The chain of lymph nodes associated with the inferior vena cava; it is divided into three groups: nodi lymphatici cavales laterales on the right of the inferior vena cava; nodi lymphatici precavales, in front of the inferior vena cava; nodi lymphatici postcavales, under nodus lymphaticus, behind the inferior vena cava. Synonym: nodi lymphatici lumbales dextri, lumbar lymph nodes. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Petit's lumbar triangle | An area in the posterior abdominal wall bounded by the edges of the latissimus dorsi and external oblique muscles and the iliac crest; herniations occasionally occur here. Synonym: trigonum lumbale, Petit's lumbar triangle. (05 Mar 2000) |
| dorsal branch of the lumbar artery | <anatomy, artery> Terminal branch (with ventral branch) of the 4-5 lumbar arteries, distributed to lumbar portion of back, posterior vertebral column, and spinal cord and environs. Synonym: ramus dorsalis arteriae lumbalium. (05 Mar 2000) |
| intermediate lumbar lymph nodes | The chain of lymph nodes located between the aorta and the inferior vena cava. Synonym: nodi lymphatici lumbales intermedii, lumbar lymph nodes. (05 Mar 2000) |