| 영문 | hypertensive heart disease | 한글 | 고혈압심장병 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 고혈압에 의해서 생기는 심장병. 고혈압심장병이라는 진단을 붙이기 위해서는 최소한 다음과 같은 조건이 부합되어야 하는데, 첫째 심장혈관계에 심장병을 유발할 수 있을 만한 다른 병변이 없이 좌심실 비대가 있어야 하며, 둘째 고혈압을 앓았다는 병력이 있어야 한다. 주로 고혈압에 의한 심장병은 초기에는 좌심실이 비후라는 것으로 특징되어진다. 즉 혈압이 높으므로 혈액을 순환시키기 위해서는 그만큼 심장의 혈액을 보내는 힘이 좋아야 한다. 그 힘을 얻기위해서는 심근의 비후가 필요로 하여 좌심실 근육의 비후가 생긴다. 그리고 고혈압이 지속이 될 경우에는 결국 심장이 제 구실을 하지 못하고 펌프로서의 기능을 잃어버리게 되어 심장기능상실에 빠지게 된다. |
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| 영문 | rheumatic heart disease | 한글 | 류마티스심장병 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 사슬알균감염 후 생기는 심장판막병이다. 원인은 A군 -용혈사슬알에 의한 인두염후 일종의 면역반응으로 발병한다. 진단은 존의 기준에 의한다. (1) 주요기준은 관절염 심장염(심장비대, 심장잡음, 심장기능상실 등) 무도증: 무당이 춤을 추는 것 같은 행동의 발작증세. 연변홍반: 빨간 테두리를 가진 피부병변은 피하결절(subcutaneous nodule): 피부 밑에 생긴 결절, (2)참고 기준은 열, 관절통, EKG상 PR연장: 심전도 소견 급성기 반응물질(예: ESR, CRP)의 상승, 류마티스열 치료는 페니실린으로 치료하고 심장의 후유증 또한 페니실린으로 예방한다. |
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| 영문 | congenital heart disease | 한글 | 선천심장병 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 선천적으로 심장의 구조에 이상이 있는 병. |
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| 영문 | heart | 한글 | 심장 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 심장은 가슴의 중앙에 위치하며 오른쪽과 왼쪽반으로 나눌 수 있다. 각각은 정맥에서 피가 들어오는 방과 동맥으로 피를 내보내는 실이 있다. 심장은 정중앙선에서 왼쪽에 놓여 있다. 심장의 2개의 심방과 2개의 심실, 그리고 심방사이의 심방중격, 심실사이의 심실중격이 존재한다. 심실은 혈액을 주로 순환시키는 힘을 내는 곳으로 강한 근육층이 존재를 한다. 반면에 심방은 심실에 들어가기전에 일시적으로 피가 모이는 곳으로 근육층의 발달이 미약하다. 심방과 심실사이에 삼첨판과 승모판, 심실의 유출로에 대동맥판과 폐동맥판이 있다. 이것들은 혈액이 흐르는 방향에 거슬러 진행하는 것을 막는 기능을 한다. 그리고 심장에는 심장의 근육에 혈액을 공급하는 관상동맥이 있다. 이 심장동맥은 심장을 쌓듯이 존재한다. 심장박동의 신호는 특수한 장치에 의해서 발생이 되고 특수한 전도계를 통해서 전체의 심장으로 전도된다. 심장박동의 신호는 우선 우심방에 위치하는 동방결절(SA node)라는 곳에서 우선 생긴다. 여기에서 보내는 전기적 신호가 바로 심장을 뛰게하는 신호인 것이다. 이 신호로 말미암아 심방이 우선 수축을 한다. 그리고는 심방과 심실사이에 위치하는 방실결절(AV node)라는 곳에 일정하게 정해진 통로없이 전체의 심방을 통해서 전달이 되고 이 신호를 받은 방실결절(AV node)는 히스 다발(His bundle)과 심장전도근육섬유를 통해서 심실의 심장근육에게 이 신호를 보내주어 심실근육을 수축하게 한다. 히스다발과 심장전도근육섬유는 전체의 심실의 심근섬유에 동시에 전기적 신호를 보내어 줄 수 있게 하는 일종의 전기줄과 같은 역할을 한다.  |
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| 영문 | heart failure | 한글 | 심장기능상실 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 몸의 조직이나 기관에서 대사에 필요한 만큼 충분한 양의 혈액을 공급할 수 없을 정도로 심장기능이 저하되어 있는 상태이다. 심장기능상실은 심근이 수축할 능력이 저하되었을 때나 심장에 심박출을 하기 위한 압력이 정상보다 증가되어 정상의 심장의 수축으로는 충분한 양의 혈액을 공급할 수 없는 경우, 그리고 심장근육, 심장에 걸리는 압력은 정상이나 심장박동의 이상에 의해서 정상적인 수축이 불가능할 경우에 생긴다. |
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| LRTI | lower respiratory tract illness; lower respiratory tract infection |
|---|---|
| IHD | Ischemic Heart Disease = Coronary Heart(Artery) Disease = Atheroscler... |
| AHD | acquired hepatocerebral degeneration; acute heart disease; antihyaluronidase; antihypertensive drug;... |
| CHD | Chediak-Higashi disease; childhood disease; chronic hemodialysis; congenital or congestive heart dis... |
| HT | Hashimoto thyroiditis; hearing test; hearing threshold; heart; heart transplantation, heart transpla... |
| pulsatile flow | Rhythmic, intermittent propagation of a fluid through a vessel or piping system, in contrast to constant, smooth propagation, which produces laminar flow. The quality of blood flow, whether smooth (laminar) or pulsatile, is important to the integrity of the tissues being artificially perfused by various heart assist devices or in regional perfusion. (12 Dec 1998) |
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| sheared flow | <radiobiology> Fluid flow where the magnitude of the fluid velocity changes along a direction perpedicular to the direction of the fluid flow. (Freeway traffic often exhibits sheared flow in that traffic in the fast lane moves more rapidly than traffic in the slow lane with the exits.) Sheared flow typically correlates with reduced transport and enhanced confinement. (This definition is rather informal and may not be fully technically correct - R.F. Heeter) (09 Oct 1997) |
| shear flow | A flow of a material in which parallel planes in the material are displaced in a direction parallel to each other. (05 Mar 2000) |
| shuttle flow | <cell biology> Bulk flow of the cytoplasm of cells. most conspicuous in large cells such as amoebae and the internodal cells of Chara where the rate of movement may be as high as 100 m/sec. See: cyclosis. (18 Nov 1997) |
| newtonian flow | The type of flow characteristic of a newtonian fluid. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Doppler colour flow | A computer-generated colour image produced by Doppler ultrasonography in which different directions of flow are represented by different hues. This technique is typically used to examine blood flow when evaluating heart disease. Where obstructions (for instance, arterial plaques) exist, blood flow will alter according to the principles of fluid mechanics. Eddies and reversals are readily apparent on the colour image. See: Doppler ultrasonography. (05 Mar 2000) |
| instream flow incremental methodology | Technique to predict the biomass of a fish species or life stage that a stream reach can support at a given flow, given knowledge of the fishes' physical habitat preferences. (09 Oct 1997) |
| isovolume pressure-flow curve | The relationship between transpulmonary pressure and respiratory air flow, expressed as a function of lung volume. (05 Mar 2000) |
| effective renal blood flow | The amount of blood flowing to the parts of the kidney that are involved with production of constituents of urine. (05 Mar 2000) |
| effective renal plasma flow | <physiology> The amount of plasma flowing to the parts of the kidney that have a function in the production of constituents of urine; the clearance of substances such as iodopyracet and p-aminohippuric acid, assuming that the extraction ratio in the peritubular capillaries is 100%. It is the amount of plasma perfusing the kidney tubules per unit time, generally measured by p-aminohippurate clearance. It should be differentiated from renal plasma flow which is approximately 10% greater than the effective renal plasma flow. (07 Mar 2000) |
| karyotyping, flow | Use of flow cytometry to analyze and/or separate chromosomes on the basis of their DNA content. Flow cytometry detects the light- absorbing or fluorescing properties of chromosomes passing in a narrow stream through a laser beam and with automated sorting devices can sort successive droplets of the stream into different fractions depending on the fluorescence emitted by each droplet. (12 Dec 1998) |
| flow | 1. To move with a continual change of place among the particles or parts, as a fluid; to change place or circulate, as a liquid; as, rivers flow from springs and lakes; tears flow from the eyes. 2. To become liquid; to melt. "The mountains flowed down at thy presence." (Is. Lxiv. 3) 3. To pproceed; to issue forth; as, wealth flows from industry and economy. "Those thousand decencies that daily flow From all her words and actions." (Milton) 4. To glide along smoothly, without harshness or asperties; as, a flowing period; flowing numbers; to sound smoothly to the ear; to be uttered easily. "Virgil is sweet and flowingin his hexameters." (Dryden) 5. To have or be in abundance; to abound; to full, so as to run or flow over; to be copious. "In that day . . . The hills shall flow with milk." (Joel III. 18) "The exhilaration of a night that needed not the influence of the flowing bowl." (Prof. Wilson) 6. To hang loose and waving; as, a flowing mantle; flowing locks. "The imperial purple flowing in his train." (A. Hamilton) 7. To rise, as the tide; opposed to ebb; as, the tide flows twice in twenty-four hours. "The river hath thrice flowed, no ebb between." (Shak) 8. To discharge blood in excess from the uterus. Origin: AS. Flowan; akin to D. Vloeijen, OHG. Flawen to wash, Icel. Floa to deluge, Gr. To float, sail, and prob. Ultimately to E. Float, fleet. 80. Cf. Flood. 1. A stream of water or other fluid; a current; as, a flow of water; a flow of blood. 2. A continuous movement of something abundant; as, a flow of words. 3. Any gentle, gradual movement or procedure of thought, diction, music, or the like, resembling the quiet, steady movement of a river; a stream. "The feast of reason and the flow of soul." (Pope) 4. The tidal setting in of the water from the ocean to the shore. See Ebb and flow, under Ebb. 5. A low-lying piece of watery land; called also flow moss and flow bog. Source: Websters Dictionary (01 Mar 1998) |
| flow cytoenzymology | A technique for for separating and sorting cells based on the presence ofspecific enzymes that create acoloured material when they bind to a substrate. (09 Oct 1997) |
| flow cytometry | <technique> Flow cytometry is an emerging technique which holds great promise for the separation, classification and quantitation of blood cells and antibodies which affect blood cells. Complex computerised instruments are used to pass a monocellular stream of cells, platelets or other microscopic particulate elements through a beam of laser light. The cells are categorised first by size and then computer analysed to sort the mixture of cellular elements into cell type by size. Cells are labelled with fluorescent dye and then passed, in suspending medium, through a narrow dropping nozzle so that each cell is in a small droplet. A laser based detector system is used to excite fluorescence and droplets with positively fluorescent cells are given an electric charge. Charged and uncharged droplets are separated as they fall between charged plates and so collect in different tubes. The machine can be used either as an analytical tool, counting the number of labelled cells in a population or to separate the cells for subsequent growth of the selected population. Further sophistication can be built into the system by using a second laser system at right angles to the first to look at a second fluorescent label or to gauge cell size on the basis of light scatter. The great strength of the system is that it looks at large numbers of individual cells and makes possible the separation of populations with, for example: particular surface properties. Tabulation of counted data in conjunction with size analysis enables determination of relative percentages of each specific cellular subset for which monoclonal antibody conjugates are utilised, even when the size of the cell is identical to other subset species. Flow cytometry is a slightly imprecise but common term for the use of the Fluorescence-activated Cell Sorter (FACS). (01 Dec 1998) |
| flow cytophotometry | <technique> Flow cytometry is an emerging technique which holds great promise for the separation, classification and quantitation of blood cells and antibodies which affect blood cells. Complex computerised instruments are used to pass a monocellular stream of cells, platelets or other microscopic particulate elements through a beam of laser light. The cells are categorised first by size and then computer analysed to sort the mixture of cellular elements into cell type by size. Cells are labelled with fluorescent dye and then passed, in suspending medium, through a narrow dropping nozzle so that each cell is in a small droplet. A laser based detector system is used to excite fluorescence and droplets with positively fluorescent cells are given an electric charge. Charged and uncharged droplets are separated as they fall between charged plates and so collect in different tubes. The machine can be used either as an analytical tool, counting the number of labelled cells in a population or to separate the cells for subsequent growth of the selected population. Further sophistication can be built into the system by using a second laser system at right angles to the first to look at a second fluorescent label or to gauge cell size on the basis of light scatter. The great strength of the system is that it looks at large numbers of individual cells and makes possible the separation of populations with, for example: particular surface properties. Tabulation of counted data in conjunction with size analysis enables determination of relative percentages of each specific cellular subset for which monoclonal antibody conjugates are utilised, even when the size of the cell is identical to other subset species. Flow cytometry is a slightly imprecise but common term for the use of the Fluorescence-activated Cell Sorter (FACS). (01 Dec 1998) |