| 영문 | smooth muscle | 한글 | 민무늬근육, 평활근육 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 근육 중에서 가로무늬가 없는 근. 가로무늬근에 대응되는 말이다. 척추동물에서는 심장근 이외의 내장근은 모두가 민무늬근이다. 많은 내장장기의 벽에 분포되어 있으며, 대개 돌림층과 세로층의 두 층으로 배열되어 있다. 소화관이나 요관 같은 관모양의 구조에서는 꿈틀운동을 일으켜 내용물이 아래로 내려가게 하는 작용을 한다. 항문관, 위, 요도 등에서는 돌림층의 근육이 특히 두꺼워져 내용물이 내려가는 것을 조절하는 조임근육이 형성되어 있다. 혈관에는 돌림층만 있으며, 혈관을 수축하여 혈액을 쥐어짜는 작용을 한다. 또한 자율신경의 지배를 받으며, 우리의 의지와 관계없이 작용한다. |
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| 영문 | voluntary muscle | 한글 | 수의근 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 의지의 힘으로 움직일 수 있는 근육. 골격근 외에 피부 내의 피근, 관절주머니에 부착하고 있는 관절근 등이 여기에 속한다. 수의근의 근섬유에는 가로무늬가 있으므로 가로무늬근이라고도 하나, 심장근은 가로 무늬가 있어도 수의근이 아니므로 수의근과 가로무늬근은 동의어는 아니다. 수의근의 운동은 민무늬근보다 빠르다. 수의근이라 해도 골격근 등은 근육무리로서 움직일 수 있으나, 개개의 근육은 따로따로 마음대로 움직이게 할 수 없다. 귓바퀴근육은 사람의 경우 발육이 나빠 마음대로 움직이게 하기 어렵다. |
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| 영문 | facial muscle | 한글 | 얼굴근육 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 얼굴의 피부를 움직이고 이에 부착되어 있는 얼굴신경의 공급을 받는 수많은 근육을 포함하는 얼굴표정근이나 모방근. |
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| FDP | fibrin degradation product; fibrinogen degradation product; flexor digitorum profundus; frontodextra... |
|---|---|
| FDQB | flexor digiti quinti brevis |
| FDS | Fellow in Dental Surgery; fiber duodenoscope; flexor digitorum superficialis |
| FHL | flexor hallucis longus; functional hearing loss |
| flex | flexor, flexion |
| ulnar flexor muscle of wrist | <anatomy, muscle> Origin, humeral head from medial condyle of humerus, ulnar head from olecranon and upper three-fifths of posterior border of ulna; insertion, pisiform bone, but is continued to the fifth metacarpal bone via the pisometacarpal ligament; action, flexes and abducts wrist ulnarward; nerve supply, ulnar. Synonym: musculus flexor carpi ulnaris, ulnar flexor muscle of wrist. (05 Mar 2000) |
|---|---|
| flexor digiti minimi brevis muscle of foot | Origin, base of metatarsal bone of the little toe and sheath of musculus peroneus longus; insertion, lateral surface of base of proximal phalanx of little toe; action, flexes the proximal phalanx of the little toe; nerve supply, lateral plantar. Synonym: musculus flexor digiti minimi brevis pedis, short flexor muscle of little toe. (05 Mar 2000) |
| flexor digiti minimi brevis muscle of hand | Origin, hamulus of hamate bone; insertion, medial side of proximal phalanx of little finger; action, flexes proximal phalanx of little finger; nerve supply, ulnar. Synonym: musculus flexor digiti minimi brevis manus, short flexor muscle of little finger. (05 Mar 2000) |
| long flexor muscle of great toe | <anatomy, muscle> Origin, lower two-thirds of posterior surface of fibula; insertion, base of distal phalanx of great toe; action, flexes great toe; nerve supply, medial plantar. Synonym: musculus flexor hallucis longus, long flexor muscle of great toe, musculus flexor longus hallucis. (05 Mar 2000) |
| long flexor muscle of thumb | <anatomy, muscle> Origin, anterior surface of middle third of radius; insertion, distal phalanx of thumb; action, flexes distal phalanx of thumb; nerve supply, median palmar interosseous. Synonym: musculus flexor pollicis longus, long flexor muscle of thumb, musculus flexor longus pollicis. (05 Mar 2000) |
| long flexor muscle of toes | <anatomy, muscle> Origin, middle third of posterior surface of tibia; insertion, by four tendons, perforating those of the flexor brevis, into bases of distal phalanges of four lateral toes; action, flexes second to fifth toes; nerve supply, tibial nerve. Synonym: musculus flexor digitorum longus, long flexor muscle of toes, musculus flexor longus digitorum. (05 Mar 2000) |
| antebrachial flexor retinaculum | Thickening of distal antebrachial fascia just proximal to radiocarpal (wrist) joint. Continuous with extensor retinaculum at margins of forearm. This structure is distinct from the transverse carpal ligament, commonly called "the flexor retinaculum," which forms the roof of the carpal tunnel. Synonym: flexor retinaculum of forearm, palmar carpal ligament. (05 Mar 2000) |
| paradoxical flexor reflex | Dorsal flexion of the great toe produced by firm lateral pressure on the calf muscles. Synonym: paradoxical flexor reflex. (05 Mar 2000) |
| retinaculum of flexor muscles | A wide band passing from the medial malleolus to the medial and upper border of the calcaneus and to the plantar surface as far as the navicular bone; it holds in place the tendons of the tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus, and flexor hallucis longus. Synonym: retinaculum musculorum flexorum, laciniate ligament, ligamentum laciniatum, retinaculum of flexor muscles. (05 Mar 2000) |
| groove for tendon of flexor hallucis longus | Groove for tendon of the flexor hallucis longus; a vertical sulcus on the posterior process of the talus continuous with a similar groove on the underside of the sustentaculum tali of the calcaneus. Synonym: sulcus tendinis musculi flexoris hallucis longi. (05 Mar 2000) |
| common flexor sheath | The synovial sheath that surrounds the eight tendons of the superficial and deep flexors of the digits of the hand as they pass through the carpal canal; it is commonly continuous with the digital sheath of the little finger. Synonym: vagina communis musculorum flexorum, ulnar bursa. (05 Mar 2000) |
| musculus biceps flexor cruris | <anatomy, muscle> Origin, long head (caput longum) from tuberosity of ischium, short head (caput breve) from lower half of lateral lip of linea aspera; insertion, head of fibula; action, flexes knee and rotates leg laterally; nerve supply, long head, tibial, short head, peroneal. Synonym: musculus biceps femoris, biceps muscle of thigh, musculus biceps flexor cruris. (05 Mar 2000) |
| musculus flexor accessorius | <anatomy, muscle> Origin, by two heads from the lateral and medial borders of the inferior surface of the calcaneus; insertion, tendons of flexor digitorum longus; action, assists long flexor; nerve supply, lateral plantar. Synonym: musculus flexor accessorius, musculus quadratus plantae, accessory flexor muscle of foot, caro quadrata sylvii, musculus pronator pedis, plantar quadrate muscle, quadrate muscle of sole. (05 Mar 2000) |
| musculus flexor brevis digitorum | <anatomy, muscle> Origin, medial tubercle of calcaneus and central portion of plantar fascia; insertion, middle phalanges of four lateral toes by tendons perforated by those of the flexor longus; action, flexes lateral four toes; nerve supply, medial plantar. Synonym: musculus flexor digitorum brevis, musculus flexor brevis digitorum, short flexor muscle of toes. (05 Mar 2000) |
| musculus flexor brevis hallucis | <anatomy, muscle> Origin, medial surface of cuboid and middle and lateral cuneiform bones; insertion, by two tendons, embracing that of the flexor longus hallucis, into the sides of the base of the proximal phalanx of the great toe; action, flexes great toe; nerve supply, medial and lateral plantar. Synonym: musculus flexor hallucis brevis, musculus flexor brevis hallucis, short flexor muscle of great toe. (05 Mar 2000) |