| 영문 | irritable bowel syndrome | 한글 | 과민성대장증후군 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 배변장애, 복통, 복부팽만 등의 증상이 있으나 기질적인 병변이 없음이 확인된 예를 총망라한 임상 증후군이다. 가장 흔한 소화기 질환이며(전소화기 환자의 70~80%) 가장 흔한 질병(전체 인구의 약 20%)이다. 여성이 남성에 비해 2배 정도 많이 발생하며 30대 및 40대에서 호발하고 선진 공업국에서 많이 발생한다. 진단을 위해서는 병력 청취가 가장 중요하고 각종 검사로서 기질병을 제외해야 한다. 치료로는 안정요법(정신과적 면담 및 심리요법, 신경안정제), 식사요법(고섬유질 음식 섭취, 자극성 음식 피하기), 약물 요법(창자경련 진정제, 변비 완화제, 지사제) 등을 사용한다. |
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| 영문 | withdrawal syndrome | 한글 | 금단증후근 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 알코올, 마약, 바비투르산계 최면약 등의 약물을 장기간 복용하여 약물이 없이는 견딜 수 없게된 뒤, 그 약물을 중지한 경우에 나타나는, 고통이 수반되는 신체적 증상을 말한다. 연속 복용의 기간에 따라 증상이 무거워진다. 통상적으로 구토, 설사, 혈압상승, 빠른맥, 땀남, 혼수 등의 증상이 나타난다. |
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| 영문 | organic brain syndrome | 한글 | 기질적 뇌증후군 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 뇌의 기질적인(organic-:이 말은 기능적인(functional)에 반하는 말로써) 모든 검사를 시행하면 어떤 이상을 발견할 수 있다는 뜻이다. 바꾸어 말하면, 기능적인 이상에 의한 뇌증후군은 어떠한 검사로도 이상을 발견할 수 없으나 분명히 환자에게 이상증상이 나타났을 때 이를 묶어서 말한다. 이상에 의해 신경학적인 이상을 나타내는 일련의 병적현상을 모두 통틀어 말한다. 이 병은 흔히 보아 마치 정신병환자처럼 말을 횡설수설하고, 알아들을 수 없는 말을 하며, 때로는 다른 사람에게 공격적인 성향을 나타내기도 한다. 그리고 다른 사람과 도저히 교류를 할 수 없는 정서를 나타내기도 한다. 그러나, 이 병이 다른 정신병과 구별되는 특징적인 증상은 먼저, 의식의 혼탁이 동반되는 경우가 많고, 또한 그 증상의 정도가 변한다는 것이다. 즉, 아침에는 정상적인 행동을 하다가 오후가 되면, 의식이 흐려지면서 말을 횡설수설한다면, 이는 기질성뇌증후군일 가능성이 높다. |
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| 영문 | Down syndrome | 한글 | 다운증후군 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 사람의 46개 염색체 중 제 21번 염색체의 수가 1개 더 많아지므로써 나타나는 병이다. 환자의 생김새가 마치 몽고 사람과 닮았다 하여 일명 몽고증(mongolism)이라고 하였으나 잘못된 이름이다. 이 병은 반드시 21번 염색체가 3개가 되는 경우이외에도 21번 염색체의 일부분이 다른 염색체의 일부분과 교환이 되는 translocation형 등의 다른 염색체이상에서도 볼 수가 있다. 발생 빈도는 출생아 700~1000명중 1명 꼴로 나타나며, 염색체 이상병 중에 가장 많은 것으로 알려져 있다. 이 병의 발생빈도는 산모의 출산연령과 밀접한 관계가 있어, 35세 이후가 되면 기하 급수적으로 이 질환자의 출산수가 증가한다. 일반적으로 이 질환에 있어서 약 3분의 1은 모친의 출산연령에 의존하지 않고, 나머지 약 3분의 2는 모친의 연령과 직접 관련이 있는 것으로 보고 있다. 진단은 특징적인 생김새, 즉 몽고 사람같이 눈꼬리가 위로 치켜져 있고 눈거풀이 두꺼우며 콧등이 낮은 특징적인 얼굴 모습, 또한 근육의 긴장도가 저하되고 젖을 빠는 힘과 울음 소리가 약하며 손바닥의 좌우를 가르는 한줄의 손금(원숭이와 같은 형태이다) 등의 특징적인 소견에 의해 보조진단을 하고 최종적으로 염색체 분석에 의해 확진을 한다. 이 다운증후군의 환자는 대개 지능이 저하되어 있고, 여러 가지 종류의 선천성 심장기형을 많이 동반하고 있다. |
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| 영문 | dumping syndrome | 한글 | 덤핑증후군 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 부분적 위절제술 또는 위빈창자연결술을 받은 환자에게서 음식을 먹은 후에 일어나는 증후군이다. 명치 부분의 팽만감과 압박감-구역-구토 등의 복부증상 외에 탈력감-현기증-발한-가슴띔 등 순환장애 증상이 따른다. 그런 증상은 섭취한 음식물이 위에서 작은창자로 추락하듯 배출됨으로써 음식물의 무게로 인해 소화관이 아래쪽으로 쳐져든다. 작은창자벽이 급격하게 늘어나든가, 화학적 자극으로 인한 작은창자벽의 자율신경반사, 작은창자벽의 삼투압에 의해 소화관으로 수분이 급속히 대량 이동하여 순환되는 혈액의 양이 감소하여 일어난다. 주로 식사요법으로 치료하여, 약물요법으로는 아트로핀-헥사메토늄-페노바르비탈-탄산수소나트륨의 사용 및 포도당주사도 효과가 있다. 수술요법은 빌로스(Billroth) 제1법으로의 변환, 대용위의 제작 등이 있으나 확실한 것은 아니다. |
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| CS | calf serum; campomelic syndrome; carcinoid syndrome; cardiogenic shock; caries-susceptible; carotid ... |
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| PCS | palliative care service; Patient Care System; patterns of care study; pelvic congestion syndrome; ph... |
| FATS | face and thigh squeeze [position for bag mask ventilation] |
| fcc | face-centered-cubic |
| fcly | face lying |
| face | 1. The exterior form or appearance of anything; that part which presents itself to the view; especially, the front or upper part or surface; that which particularly offers itself to the view of a spectator. "A mist . . . Watered the whole face of the ground." (Gen. Ii. 6) "Lake Leman wooes me with its crystal face." (Byron) 2. That part of a body, having several sides, which may be seen from one point, or which is presented toward a certain direction; one of the bounding planes of a solid; as, a cube has six faces. 3. <machinery> The principal dressed surface of a plate, disk, or pulley; the principal flat surface of a part or object. That part of the acting surface of a cog in a cog wheel, which projects beyond the pitch line. The width of a pulley, or the length of a cog from end to end; as, a pulley or cog wheel of ten inches face. 4. The upper surface, or the character upon the surface, of a type, plate, etc. The style or cut of a type or font of type. 5. Outside appearance; surface show; look; external aspect, whether natural, assumed, or acquired. "To set a face upon their own malignant design." (Milton) "This would produce a new face of things in Europe." (Addison) "We wear a face of joy, because We have been glad of yore." (Wordsworth) 6. That part of the head, especially. Of man, in which the eyes, cheeks, nose, and mouth are situated; visage; countenance. "In the sweat of thy face shalt thou eat bread." (Gen. Iii. 19) 7. Cast of features; expression of countenance; look; air; appearance. "We set the best faceon it we could." (Dryden) 8. <astronomy> Ten degrees in extent of a sign of the zodiac. 9. Maintenance of the countenance free from abashment or confusion; confidence; boldness; shamelessness; effrontery. "This is the man that has the face to charge others with false citations." (Tillotson) 10. Presence; sight; front; as in the phrases, before the face of, in the immediate presence of; in the face of, before, in, or against the front of; as, to fly in the face of danger; to the face of, directly to; from the face of, from the presenceof. 11. Mode of regard, whether favorable or unfavorable; favor or anger; mostly in Scriptural phrases. "The Lord make his face to shine upon thee." (Num. Vi. 25) "My face [favor] will I turn also from them." (Ezek. Vii. 22) 12. <chemical> The end or wall of the tunnel, drift, or excavation, at which work is progressing or was last done. 13. The exact amount expressed on a bill, note, bond, or other mercantile paper, without any addition for interest or reduction for discount. Face is used either adjectively or as part of a compound; as, face guard or face-guard; face cloth; face plan or face-plan; face hammer. <medicine> Face ague A crown wheel. A Wheel whose disk face is adapted for grinding and polishing; a lap. Cylinder face, one of the sides of a battalion when formed in a square. Face of a watch, clock, compass, card etc, the dial or graduated surface on which a pointer indicates the time of day, point of the compass, etc. Face to face. In the presence of each other; as, to bring the accuser and the accused face to face. Without the interposition of any body or substance. "Now we see through a glass darkly; but then face to face." 1 . With the faces or finished surfaces turned inward or toward one another; vis a vis; opposed to back to back. To fly in the face of, to defy; to brave; to withstand. To make a face, to distort the countenance; to make a grimace. Origin: F, from L. Facies form, shape, face, perh. From facere = to make (see Fact); or perh. Orig. Meaning appearance, and from a root meaning to shine, and akin to E. Fancy. Cf. Facetious. Source: Websters Dictionary (01 Mar 1998) |
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| face-bow | <dentistry, equipment> A wire caliper-like device used to record the relationship of the jaws to the temporomandibular joints. The resulting record can then be used to create a cast or model of the maxilla to the opening and closing axis of the articulator. They consists of two metal parts attached together. The inner part is shaped like a horseshoe and is inserted in the mouth and connects to the buccal tubes. The outer part has two curves which go around the face, and connect to the headgear. An elastic neck band is placed around the back of the neck and attaches to the outer bow of the headgear. Completing the apparatus is a plastic safety strap that is placed over the neck band and onto the outer bow of the headgear. Synonym: hinge-bow, kinematic face-bow. (21 Jun 2000) |
| face-bow fork | <dentistry> That part of the face-bow assemblage used to attach the maxillary trial base to the face-bow proper. Synonym: bite fork. (05 Mar 2000) |
| face-bow record | <dentistry> A registration utilizing a face-bow of the position of the hinge axis and/or the condyles; the face-bow record is used to orient the maxillary cast to the opening and closing axis of the articulator. (05 Mar 2000) |
| face form | The outline form of the face, the outline form of the face from an anterior view. (05 Mar 2000) |
| face peel | <procedure> Removal of skin blemishes such as wrinkles, freckles, or acne scars by chemical agents producing injury (trichloracetic, phenol, or other organic acids) or solid carbon dioxide. (05 Mar 2000) |
| face validity | The extent to which the items of a test or procedure appear superficially to sample that which is to be measured. (05 Mar 2000) |
| kinematic face-bow | adjustable axis face-bow |
| forming face | The side of the Golgi apparatus which faces the rough endoplasmic reticulum, where vesicles budding off of the rough endoplasmic reticulum fuse to the Golgi apparatus. Also called the cis side of the Golgi apparatus. (09 Oct 1997) |
| frog face | The appearance caused by broadening of the nose which occurs in certain cases of nasal polyps. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Aarskog-Scott syndrome | A syndrome of ocular hypertelorism, anteverted nostrils, broad upper lip, saddle-bag scrotum, and laxity of ligaments resulting in genu recurvatum, flat feet, and hyperextensible fingers; X-linked and autosomal dominant forms. Synonym: Aarskog-Scott syndrome. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Aarskog syndrome | <syndrome> Grier et al. (1983) reported father and 2 sons with typical Aarskog syndrome, including short stature, hypertelorism, and shawl scrotum. They tabulated the findings in 82 previous cases. X-linked recessive inheritance has been repeatedly suggested. The family reported by Welch (1974) had affected males in 3 consecutive generations. Thus, there is either genetic heterogeneity or this is an autosomal dominant with strong sex-influence and possibly ascertainment bias resulting from use of the shawl scrotum as a main criterion. Stretchable skin was present in the cases of Grier et al. (1983). Teebi et al. (1993) reported the case of an affected mother and 4 sons (including a pair of monozygotic twins) by 2 different husbands. They suggested that the manifestations were as severe in the mother as in the sons and that this suggested autosomal dominant inheritance. Actually, the mother seemed less severely affected, compatible with X-linked inheritance. Clinical signs: Mild to moderate short stature,normocephaly, Widow's peak hair, maxillary hypoplasia, broad nasal bridge, anteverted nostrils, long philtrum, broad upper lip, curved linear dimple below the lower lip, hypertelorism, ptosis, down-slanted palpebral fissures, ophthalmoplegia, strabismus, hyperopic astigmatism, large cornea, floppy ears, lop-ears,cleft lip/palate, shawl scrotum, saddle-bag scrotum, cryptorchidism, brachydactyly, digital contractures, clinodactyly, mild syndactyly, transverse palmar crease, lymphoedema of the feet, ligamentous laxity, osteochondritis dissecans, proximal finger joint hyperextensibility, flexed distal finger joints, genu recurvatum, flat feet, stretchable skin, cervical spine hypermobility, odontoid anomaly, macrocytic anaemia, hemochromatosis, hepatomegaly, portal cirrhosis, imperforate anus, rectoperineal fistula, interstitial pulmonary disease, sternal deformity. Inheritance: Sex-influenced autosomal dominant form, also X-linked form. (05 Aug 1998) |
| abdominal muscle deficiency syndrome | <syndrome> Congenital absence (partial or complete) of abdominal muscles, in which the outline of the intestines is visible through the protruding abdominal wall; in males, genitourinary anomalies (urinary tract dilation and cryptorchidism) are also found; genetics unclear. (05 Mar 2000) |
| abstinence syndrome | <syndrome> A constellation of physiologic changes undergone by persons or animals who have become physically dependent on a drug or chemical due to prolonged use at elevated doses, but who are abruptly deprived of that substance. The abstinence syndrome varies with the drug to which dependence has developed. Generally the effects observed are in an opposite direction from those produced by the drug; e.g., the withdrawal syndrome from central nervous system depressants such as barbiturates and benzodiazepines consists of insomnia, restlessness, tremulousness, hallucinations, and, in the extreme, tonic-clonic convulsions which may prove fatal. The onset time and severity of the abstinence syndrome depend upon how rapidly the drug disappears from the body. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Achard syndrome | <syndrome> Arachnodactyly with small receding mandible, broad skull, and joint laxity limited to the hands and feet; genetics unclear. (05 Mar 2000) |