| disc electrophoresis | Short for discontinuous electrophoresis, it is a type of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. This electrophoresis method uses gels of two different concentrations of polyacrylamide (a synthetic polymer), the one of lower concentration stacked on top of the one with higher concentration, in order to better resolve bands of whatever is being separated (DNA, RNA, or protein) that would otherwise be very close together. (09 Oct 1997) |
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| immunoglobulin electrophoresis | <immunology, investigation> A test that detects and measures the various immunoglobulins in the blood. In the normal assay no monoclonal antibodies are detected but in multiple myeloma and chronic lymphocytic leukaemia a single clone of lymphocytes can produce one type of immunoglobulin that is detected in the electrophoresis as monoclonal (made by one cell clone). (30 Mar 1998) |
| isoenzyme electrophoresis | Electrophoretic separation of serum enzymes; separation of lactate dehydrogenase and creatine phosphokinase is commonly used for diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction. (05 Mar 2000) |
| thin-layer electrophoresis | Electrophoretic migrations (separations) through a thin layer of inert material, such as cellulose, supported on a glass or plastic plate. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Tiselius electrophoresis cell | The special container in a Tiselius apparatus containing the solution to be analyzed electrophoretically. (05 Mar 2000) |
| electrophoresis | <technique> Separation of ionic molecules, (principally proteins) by the differential migration through a gel according to the size and ionic charge of the molecules in an electrical field. High resolution techniques normally use a gel support for the fluid phase. Examples of gels used are starch, acrylamide, agarose or mixtures of acrylamide and agarose. Frictional resistance produced by the support causes size, rather than charge alone, to become the major determinant of separation. Smaller molecules with a more negative charge will travel faster and further through the gel toward the anode of an electrophoretic cell when high voltage is applied. Similar molecules will group on the gel. They may be visualised by staining and quantitated, in relative terms, using densitometers which continuously monitor the photometric density of the resulting stain. The electrolyte may be continuous (a single buffer) or discontinuous, where a sample is stacked by means of a buffer discontinuity, before it enters the running gel/ running buffer. The gel may be a single concentration or gradient in which pore size decreases with migration distance. In SDS gel electrophoresis of proteins or electrophoresis of polynucleotides, mobility depends primarily on size and is used to determined molecular weight. In pulse field electrophoresis, two fields are applied alternately at right angles to each other to minimise diffusion mediated spread of large linear polymers. See: electrofocussing, pulse field electrophoresis (01 Dec 1998) |
| electrophoresis, agar gel | Electrophoresis in which agar or agarose gel is used as the diffusion medium. (12 Dec 1998) |
| electrophoresis, capillary | A highly-sensitive (in the picomolar range, which is 10,000-fold more sensitive than conventional electrophoresis) and efficient technique that allows separation of proteins, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates. (12 Dec 1998) |
| electrophoresis, cellulose acetate | Electrophoresis in which cellulose acetate is the diffusion medium. (12 Dec 1998) |
| electrophoresis, disc | Electrophoresis in which discontinuities in both the voltage and pH gradients are introduced by using buffers of different composition and pH in the different parts of the gel column. The term 'disc' was originally used as an abbreviation for 'discontinuous' referring to the buffers employed, and does not have anything to do with the shape of the separated zones. (12 Dec 1998) |
| electrophoresis, gel, pulsed-field | Electrophoresis in which the direction of the electric field is changed periodically. This technique is similar to other electrophoretic methods normally used to separate double-stranded DNA molecules ranging in size up to tens of thousands of base-pairs. However, by alternating the electric field direction one is able to separate DNA molecules up to several million base-pairs in length. (12 Dec 1998) |
| electrophoresis, gel, two-dimensional | Electrophoresis in which a second perpendicular electrophoretic transport is performed on the separate components resulting from the first electrophoresis. This technique is usually performed on polyacrylamide gels. (12 Dec 1998) |
| electrophoresis, paper | Electrophoresis in which paper is used as the diffusion medium. This technique is confined almost entirely to separations of small molecules such as amino acids, peptides, and nucleotides, and relatively high voltages are nearly always used. (12 Dec 1998) |
| electrophoresis, polyacrylamide gel | Electrophoresis in which a polyacrylamide gel is used as the diffusion medium. (12 Dec 1998) |
| electrophoresis, starch gel | Electrophoresis in which a starch gel (a mixture of amylose and amylopectin) is used as the diffusion medium. (12 Dec 1998) |