| 영문 | muscular system | 한글 | 근육계통 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 근육에 의해 이루어진 하나의 계통을 임의적으로 나누어 부른 말. |
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| 영문 | male reproductive system | 한글 | 남성생식기계 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 남성의 생식기는 여러 기관으로 구성되어 있다. 고환, 부고환, 정관, 정낭, 전립샘, 외부성기(음경) 등으로 구성되는데, 실제적으로 정자를 생성하는 곳은 단 한 곳 고환뿐이며, 나머지 기관은 이를 돕는 기능을 수행하고 있다. 정자는 고환의 정세관이란 곳에서 만들어진 뒤에 밖으로 나와 긴 여정을 시작하게 된다. 그 뒤 부고환을 지나 좀 더 성숙해 진 뒤에 정관에서 정낭의 분비물과 만나고 다시 요도로 나가게 된다. 이때 요도 뒤쪽에 위치하는 전립샘의 분비물이 합쳐지게 되고 이 정액은 외부성기를 거쳐서 밖으로 나가게 된다.  |
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| 영문 | lymphatic system | 한글 | 림프계 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 대개 맥관계라고 하면, 혈관계와 림프관계를 합쳐서 말한다. 이중에 림프에 의해 이루어지는 하나의 계통이다. |
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| 영문 | immune system | 한글 | 면역체계 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 세포성분 및 분자성분의 복합체계로서, 이의 일차기능은 자기(self)를 비자기(not self)로부터 구별하고 외부생물 또는 물질에 대해 방어하는 것이다. 일차적인 세포성분은 림프구와 큰포식세포이며 일차적인 분자성분은 항체와 림포카인이다. |
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| 영문 | urinary system | 한글 | 비뇨기계통 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 비뇨기계통이라하면 콩팥으로부터 시작해서 요관, 방광, 요도에 이르는 일련의 오줌생성 및 저장, 배설기관을 일컫는다. 콩팥은 길이 약 2.5cm, 폭 약 5.1cm, 두께 약 2.5cm, 무게 약 120~160gm으로서, 내측에 콩팥문이 있어 혈관, 신경, 요관이 출입하고 있다. 콩팥은 속질과 겉질로 이루어져 있으며 수질은 10~15개의 추체(오줌을 모으는 역할)를 형성하고 겉질은 약 100만개의 콩팥단위으로 구성되어 있다. 요세관은 토리쪽뇨세관, 헨레고리, 먼쪽뇨세관, 집합관으로 형성되어 있으며, 추체와 술잔, 깔때기를 거쳐 요관으로 연결된다. 콩팥은 혈액을 여과하여 신체 신진대사의 최종산물을 오줌의 형태로 배설하며, 세포외액(extracellular fluid)의 전해질농도를 조절한다. 콩팥에서 형성된 오줌는 요관을 거쳐 방광에서 저장되고 있다가 적당한 시기가 되면 요도를 통해 외계로 배출된다. |
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| MDS | Master of Dental Surgery; maternal deprivation syndrome; medical data screening; medical data system... |
|---|---|
| MPS | meconium plug syndrome; medial premotor system; Member of the Pharmaceutical Society; microbial prof... |
| 'Greek letter alpha' | angular acceleration; first [carbon atom next to the carbon atom bearing the active group in organic... |
| AO | abdominal aorta; achievement orientation; acid output; acridine orange; ankle orthosis; anodal openi... |
| DOA | date of admission; dead on arrival; Department of Agriculture; depth of anesthesia; differential opt... |
| optical iridectomy | Iridectomy performed for the purpose of improving vision by making an artificial pupil. Peripheral iridectomy, in narrow-angle glaucoma, the surgical removal of a minute portion of the iris at its root; in intracapsular extraction of cataract, removal of one or more minute sections near the peripheral border, leaving the pupillary margin intact. Synonym: buttonhole iridectomy, stenopeic iridectomy. Sector iridectomy, an iridectomy in which a portion of the pupillary margin is excised. (05 Mar 2000) |
|---|---|
| optical isomerism | Stereoisomerism involving the arrangement of substituents about an asymmetric atom or atoms (usually carbon) so that there is a difference in the behaviour of the various isomers with regard to the extent of their rotation of the plane of polarised light. Compare: stereoisomerism. (05 Mar 2000) |
| optical isomers | Isomers differing only in the spatial arrangement of groups around a central atom. Optical isomers rotate the plane of polarized light in different directions. For all biological molecules in which the possibility of optical isomerism exists, only one of the isomers is functional. (18 Nov 1997) |
| optical keratoplasty | Transplantation of transparent corneal tissue to replace a leukoma or scar that impairs vision. (05 Mar 2000) |
| optical microscope | <instrument, microscopy> A very ambiguous term since all microscopes involve optics, better to specify light, acoustic, X-ray or electron microscope, etc. (05 Aug 1998) |
| optical noise | <microscopy> Image defects that become especially conspicuous when the image is enhanced. In video microscopy, includes hot spots, mottle, uneven illumination, etc. (05 Aug 1998) |
| optical pachymeter | A lens and/or mirror used to measure corneal thickness. (05 Mar 2000) |
| optical righting reflexes | Visual stimuli that enable an animal to maintain the correct position of the head in space, by bringing about movements of the muscles of the neck and limbs. (05 Mar 2000) |
| optical rotatory dispersion | The method of measuring the dispersion of an optically active molecule to determine the relative magnitude of right- or left-handed components and sometimes structural features of the molecule. (12 Dec 1998) |
| optical scrambler | <microscopy> An optical device for scrambling the image of a non-uniform light source so that it now fills the condenser aperture uniformly without appreciable loss of total luminous flux through the microscope. The scrambler can be a simple loop of a single optical fibre with its ends appropriately polished (05 Aug 1998) |
| optical sectioning | <microscopy> The use of high numerical aperture objective and condenser lenses on a microscope to achieve a shallow depth of field. With a very shallow depth of field, objects above and below focus contribute little to the in-focus image, so that a clean optical section is obtained. See: depth of field. (05 Aug 1998) |
| optical staining | <microscopy> Producing colour in the microscopical image so as to differentiate one part of the object from another. One way is by use of Rheinberg filters. Another is to use polarized light on an anisotropic specimen. Another important method is by dispersion staining. (05 Aug 1998) |
| optical storage devices | A computer disk read by a laser beam, containing data prerecorded by a vendor. The buyer cannot enter or modify data in any way but the advantages lie in the speed of accessibility, relative immunity to damage, and relatively low cost of purchase. (12 Dec 1998) |
| optical transfer function | <microscopy> The relationship between the image produced by an optical instrument and the amplitude and phase of a periodic specimen, measured at various spatial frequencies. The optical transfer function curve, which shows how well contrast is maintained for finer specimen details, is a complex function, of which the real term gives the ratio of amplitudes, and the imaginary term the phase relationships. When the brightness of the periodic specimen varies as a sine wave, the modulus or absolute value of the optical transfer function becomes the modulation transfer function, when the brightness varies as a square wave, the modulation transfer function is known as a contrast transfer function. Acronym: OTF (26 Mar 1998) |
| optical tubelength | <microscopy> The distance from the second principal focal plane of the objective to the front focal plane of the ocular. This distance is about 180 mm for high-power objectives, less for those of low power. (05 Aug 1998) |