| 영문 | gland | 한글 | 샘 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 자신의 대상에 필요가 없는 물질을 만들어 분비하는 세포가 모여서 만드는 구조. 즉 분비물을 제조하는 세포가 모인 것이다. 선에는 내분비샘과 외분비샘의 2가지가 있다. 내분비샘이란 몸밖이 아닌 내부, 즉 직접 혈중으로 분비물을 분비하는 샘으로 이 때에 분비되는 물질을 호르몬이라고 한다. 이것은 주로 몸안의 다른 세포에 작용을 하여 그 세포의 대사, 분열 등의 변화를 초래하고 몸의 환경의 변화에 따른 적응을 돕는 역할을 한다. 외분비샘이란 몸밖으로 관구조를 통하여 분비물을 내보내는 샘을 말한다. |
||
| 영문 | pineal gland | 한글 | 솔방울샘, 송과선 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 뇌의 중앙선부위의 등쪽에 존재하는 내분비기관이다. 솔방울샘은 melatonin을 분비한다. 동물에서는 성분화발달에 기여하는 것으로 되어 있으나, 사람에서는 그 기능이 아직 명확치 않다. |
||
| 영문 | prostate gland | 한글 | 전립샘 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 남성생식기의 외분비샘의 일종으로, 방광의 목부분과 요도를 둘러싸고 있다. 전립샘은 정액을 만드는 전립샘액을 분비하며 5개의 엽으로 구성되어 있다. |
||
| 영문 | salivary gland | 한글 | 침샘, 타액선 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 입 속으로 침을 분비하는 외분비샘으로 인체에는 세 쌍의 침샘이 있는데 귀밑샘, 턱밑샘 및 혀밑샘이 그들이다. 침샘은 분류상으로 소화기계통의 한 장기이며, 소화관의 한 부속샘으로 구분된다. 혀밑샘은 그 외 구강 점막 내에 산재하고 있는 수많은 작은 침샘과 같이 묽은 용액을 끊임없이 분비하고 있지만, 귀밑샘과 턱밑샘은 자극을 받을 때만 침을 분비한다. |
||
| 영문 | sebaceous gland | 한글 | 피부기름샘 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 피부의 피하조직에 있는 온분비샘(holocrine gland)으로 피부 기름이나, 그 외 기름 성분을 분비한다. |
||
| DU | decubitus ulcer; density unknown; deoxyuridine; dermal ulcer; diagnosis undetermined; diazouracil; d... |
|---|---|
| duod | duodenum, duodenal |
| EDM | early diastolic murmur; extramucosal duodenal myotomy |
| IDD | insulin-dependent diabetes; intraluminal duodenal diverticulum; Inventory to Diagnose Depression |
| NPDC | neurofibromatosis-pheochromocytoma-duodenal carcinoid [syndrome] |
| duodenal impression | A hollow on the visceral surface of the right lobe of the liver alongside the gallbladder, marking the situation of the duodenum. Synonym: impressio duodenalis. (05 Mar 2000) |
|---|---|
| duodenal narrowing or obstruction | <radiology> Congenital (see double bubble sign), duodenal atresia: neonatal presentation, annular pancreas: infants or adults, duodenal web/diaphragm, Ladd's bands, duplication cyst, inflammatory, postbulbar ulcer, Crohn disease, infections: TB, Strongyloides, pancreatitis, pancreatic pseudocyst, radiation injury, malignant, duodenal adenocarcinoma/lymphoma, pancreatic carcinoma, metastatic disease, traumatic, intramural haematoma, vascular, superior mesenteric artery syndrome (12 Dec 1998) |
| duodenal polyp | Pedunculated growths in the lining of the duodenum (first part of the small intestine). (27 Sep 1997) |
| duodenal smear | A group of cytologic specimens containing material from the mouth (oral smear), oesophagus and stomach (gastric smear), duodenum (paraduodenal smear), and colon, obtained by specialised lavage techniques; used principally for the diagnosis of cancer of those areas. (05 Mar 2000) |
| duodenal sphincter | One of the physiological sphincter's described in the duodenum. (05 Mar 2000) |
| duodenal tumours | <radiology> 90% benign, in 2nd and 3rd portion: 50% malignant, in 4th portion: most malignant, of malignancies: 80-90% leading to adenocarcinoma Differential diagnosis: benign, tubular adenoma, leiomyoma, lipoma, hamartoma (Peutz-Jeghers), prolapsed antral polyp, Brunner's gland adenoma (really hypertrophy and hyperplasia), malignant, adenocarcinoma (80-90% of malignant lesions), villous adenoma (pre-malignant), carcinoid / isleT-cell tumour (12 Dec 1998) |
| duodenal ulcer | A nonmalignant ulcer that develops in the portion of the gastrointestinal tract that is exposed to gastric secretions. Peptic ulcers occur in the stomach or duodenum. Common symptoms include epigastric abdominal pain and anorexia. Complications include perforation, penetration (into adjacent organs) and bleeding. The microorganism Helicobacter pylori has been implicated in the development of peptic ulcer disease. For this reason, new therapies may now involve the use of oral antibiotics. (27 Sep 1997) |
| inferior duodenal fold | A fold of peritoneum bounding the inferior duodenal recess. Synonym: plica duodenalis inferior, plica duodenomesocolica, duodenomesocolic fold. (05 Mar 2000) |
| inferior duodenal fossa | The variable peritoneal recess which lies behind the inferior duodenal fold and along the ascending part of the duodenum. Synonym: recessus duodenalis inferior, Gruber-Landzert fossa, inferior duodenal fossa. (05 Mar 2000) |
| inferior duodenal recess | The variable peritoneal recess which lies behind the inferior duodenal fold and along the ascending part of the duodenum. Synonym: recessus duodenalis inferior, Gruber-Landzert fossa, inferior duodenal fossa. (05 Mar 2000) |
| thickened duodenal folds | <radiology> Inflammatory, peptic ulcer (most common cause), Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, pancreatitis, cholecystitis, Crohn disease, infection (TB, parasites, cryptosporidia in AIDS), neoplastic, lymphoma, infiltrative, Whipple disease, amyloidosis, eosinophilic enteritis, vascular, intramural haematoma, ischemia, oedema, hypoproteinaemia, portal hypertension, congestive heart failure (12 Dec 1998) |
| ulcer, duodenal | An ulcer (a hole in the lining) of the duodenum (the first portion of the small intestine). Ulcer formation is related to h. Pyloridus bacteria in the stomach, anti-inflammatory medications, and smoking cigarettes. Ulcer pain may not correlate with the presence or severity of ulceration. Diagnosis is made with barium X-ray or endoscopy. Complications of ulcers include bleeding and perforation. Treatment involves antibiotics to eradicate h. Pyloridus, eliminating risk factors, and preventing complications. (12 Dec 1998) |
| first duodenal sphincter | The sphincter supposedly located at the level of the aboral extremity of the duodenal bulb. (05 Mar 2000) |
| accessory gland | A small mass of glandular structure, detached from but lying near another and larger gland, to which it is similar in structure and probably in function. (05 Mar 2000) |
| accessory parotid gland | An occasional islet of parotid tissue separate from the mass of the gland, lying anteriorly just above the commencement of the parotid duct. Synonym: glandula parotidea accessoria, admaxillary gland, glandula parotis accessoria, socia parotidis. (05 Mar 2000) |