| 영문 | optic nerve | 한글 | 시각신경 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 시각을 인지하는 신경. 이 신경은 단지 감각신경으로서만 작용한다. 따라서 어떤 사물을 따라 눈을 움직일 수 있는 것은 이 시각신경과는 무관하다(이것은 눈돌림신경(oculomotor nerve)에 의해 가능하다). 또한 시각신경은 고위중추신경계인 뇌에서 직접 분지하므로 손상시 재생은 불가능하며, 이에 대한 치료법은 없다. |
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| 영문 | nerve | 한글 | 신경 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 여러 기관들의 서로간 상호연결체계가 바로 신경계이다. 이러한 신경계는 각 신경세포들에 의해 이루어지고 있으며, 여기에는 중추신경계(central nerve system: CNS)와 말초신경계(peripheral nerve system: PNS)가 있다. 중추신경계란 뇌와 척수를 말하며, 말초신경계는 12쌍의 뇌신경(cranial nerve: 뇌에서 기시하여 주로 얼굴부위와 목 부위에 분포한다)과 31쌍의 척수신경(spinal nerve: spinal cord에서 각기 양쪽으로 쌍을 이루어 나오는데 주로 목이하부위의 신체 각 부분으로 분포하게 된다)으로 구성되어 있다. 또한 말초신경계에는 앞에서 말한 뇌신경과 척수신경외에 자율신경계가 존재한다. 자율신경계는 다시 교감신경과 부교감신경으로 나뉘어져 서로간의 올바른 상호작용으로 몸속에서 여러 가지 작용을 수행한다. |
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| 영문 | nerve cell | 한글 | 신경세포 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 신경세포는 올바른 신경전달을 위한 각 부분별로 나뉘어져 있다. 신경세포에서는 전해져오는 자극을 전기적인 신호로 바뀌어 보내거나 받게 된다. 이런 전기적인 현상은 각 신경세포내에 존재하는 각 이온채널(ion channel: ion이란 나트륨, 칼륨 등을 지칭하는 말들로써, 이들이 세포막에 의해 나뉘어질 때 생기는 전압차가 전기적 자극을 일으키고 유지하는데 결정적인 역할을 한다)들의 작용에 의해 이루어지게 된다. |
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| OM | obtuse mental; occipitomental; occupational medicine; ocular movement; oculomotor; Osborne Mendel [r... |
|---|---|
| DCS | decompression sickness; dense canalicular system; diffuse cortical sclerosis; dorsal column stimulat... |
| DR | degeneration reaction; delivery room; deoxyribose; diabetic retinopathy; diagnostic radiology; digit... |
| DRG | diagnosis-related group; Division of Research Grants [NIH}; dorsal respiratory group; dorsal root ga... |
| DMN | dimethylnitrosamine; dorsal motor nucleus; dysplastic melanocytic nevus |
| oculomotor muscles | Muscles of the eye that include musculi bulbi (extraocular), musculus orbicularis oculi (eyelids), and musculus orbitalis. These control the eye and surrounding structures. (12 Dec 1998) |
|---|---|
| oculomotor response | Widespread myogenic potential evoked by visual stimuli. (05 Mar 2000) |
| oculomotor root of ciliary ganglion | A branch of the oculomotor nerve supplying parasympathetic preganglionic nerve fibres to the ciliary ganglion. Synonym: radix parasympathica ganglii ciliaris, radix oculomotoria ganglii ciliaris, motor root of ciliary ganglion, oculomotor root of ciliary ganglion, radix brevis ganglii ciliaris, short root of ciliary ganglion. (05 Mar 2000) |
| oculomotor system | That part of the central nervous system having to do with eye movements; it is composed of pathways connecting various regions of the cerebrum, brainstem, and ocular nuclei, utilizing multisynaptic articulations. (05 Mar 2000) |
| medial dorsal cutaneous nerve | <anatomy, nerve> The medial terminal branch of the superficial peroneal nerve, supplying the dorsum of the foot and dorsal nerves to the toes (except adjacent sides of great and second toes). Synonym: nervus cutaneus dorsalis medialis, dorsal medial cutaneous nerve. (05 Mar 2000) |
| dorsal branch of the ulnar nerve | <anatomy, nerve> Branch arising from the ulnar nerve proximal to the wrist for distribution to the medial side of the dorsum of the hand and proximal portion of the little finger and medial side of ring finger. Synonym: rami dorsales nervi ulnaris. (05 Mar 2000) |
| dorsal interosseous nerve | <anatomy, nerve> The deep terminal branch of the radial nerve, arises in the cubital region, penetrating and supplying the supinator and continuing with the posterior interosseous artery to supply all the extensor muscles in the forearm. Synonym: nervus interosseus posterior, nervus antebrachii posterior, deep branch of the radial nerve, dorsal interosseous nerve, nervus interosseus dorsalis, posterior antebrachial nerve. (05 Mar 2000) |
| dorsal lateral cutaneous nerve | <anatomy, nerve> The continuation of the sural nerve in the foot, supplying the lateral margin and dorsum. Synonym: nervus cutaneus dorsalis lateralis, dorsal lateral cutaneous nerve. (05 Mar 2000) |
| dorsal medial cutaneous nerve | <anatomy, nerve> The medial terminal branch of the superficial peroneal nerve, supplying the dorsum of the foot and dorsal nerves to the toes (except adjacent sides of great and second toes). Synonym: nervus cutaneus dorsalis medialis, dorsal medial cutaneous nerve. (05 Mar 2000) |
| dorsal nerve of clitoris | The deep terminal branch of the pudendal, supplying especially the glans clitoridis after passing through the musculature of the urogenital diaphragm, to run along the dorsum of the clitoral shaft. Synonym: nervus dorsalis clitoridis. (05 Mar 2000) |
| dorsal nerve of penis | The deep terminal branch of the pudendal which runs through the urogenital diaphragm giving branches, then runs along the dorsum of the penis, supplying the skin of the penis, the prepuce, the corpora cavernosa, and the glans. Synonym: nervus dorsalis penis. (05 Mar 2000) |
| dorsal nerve of scapula | <anatomy, nerve> Arises from ventral primary rami of the fifth to seventh cervical nerves and passes downward to supply the levator scapulae and the rhomboideus major and minor muscles. Synonym: nervus dorsalis scapulae, dorsal nerve of scapula, nerve to rhomboid, posterior scapular nerve. (05 Mar 2000) |
| dorsal primary ramus of spinal nerve | <anatomy, nerve> The smaller, posteriorly-directed major terminal branch (with the ventral primary ramus) of all 31 pairs of mixed spinal nerves, formed at the intervertebral foramen and turning abruptly posteriorly to divide into lateral and medial branches, both of which will supply the deep (true) muscles of the back. The medial branch (rami medialis ) of the dorsal primary ramus also supplies articular branches to the zygopophyseal joints and the periosteum of the vertebral arch. In the neck and upper back, the medial branch continues through the deep and superficial back muscles to supply overlying skin; in the lower back, the lateral branch does this. Nomina Anatomica lists dorsal primary rami as "rami dorsales" for each group of spinal nerves: 1) cervical (nervorum cervicalium ), 2) thoracic (nervorum thoracicorum ), 3) lumbar (nervorum lumbalium ), 4) sacral (nervorum sacralium ), and 5) coccygeal (nervi coccygei ). Synonym: ramus dorsalis nervorum spinalium, ramus dorsalis, rami posteriores nervorum spinalium, dorsal branch, posterior primary division. (05 Mar 2000) |
| dorsal scapular nerve | <anatomy, nerve> Arises from ventral primary rami of the fifth to seventh cervical nerves and passes downward to supply the levator scapulae and the rhomboideus major and minor muscles. Synonym: nervus dorsalis scapulae, dorsal nerve of scapula, nerve to rhomboid, posterior scapular nerve. (05 Mar 2000) |
| intermediate dorsal cutaneous nerve | <anatomy, nerve> The lateral terminal branch of the superficial peroneal nerve, supplying the dorsum of the foot and dorsal nerves to the toes (except for adjacent parts of great and second toes). Synonym: nervus cutaneus dorsalis intermedius. (05 Mar 2000) |