| corticospinal tract | A massive bundle of fibres originating from pyramidal cells of various sizes in the fifth layer of the precentral motor (area 4), the premotor area (area 6), and to a lesser extent from the postcentral gyrus. Cells of origin in area 4 include the gigantopyramidal cells of Betz. Fibres from these cortical regions descend through the internal capsule, the middle third of the crus cerebri, and the ventral part of the pons to emerge on the ventral surface of the medulla oblongata as the pyramis. Continuing caudally, most of the fibres cross to the opposite side in the pyramidal decussation and descend in the dorsal half of the lateral funiculus of the spinal cord as the lateral pyramidal tract, which distributes its fibres throughout the length of the spinal cord to interneurons of the zona intermedia of the spinal gray matter. In the (extremity-related) spinal cord enlargements, fibres also pass directly to motoneuronal groups that innervate distal extremity muscles subserving particular hand-and-finger or foot-and-toe movements. The uncrossed fibres form a small bundle, the anterior pyramidal tract, which descends in the anterior funiculus of the spinal cord and terminates in synaptic contact with interneurons in the medial half of the anterior horn on both sides of the spinal cord. Interruption of the pyramidal tract at or below its cortical origin causes impairment of movement in the opposite body-half, especially severe in the arm and leg; characterised by muscular weakness, spasticity and hyperreflexia, and a loss of discrete finger and hand movements. Babinski's sign is associated with this condition of hemiplegia. Synonym: tractus corticospinalis, tractus pyramidalis, corticospinal tract. (05 Mar 2000) |
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| corticostatin | <endocrinology, physiology> Name given to some defensins because they inhibit corticotropin induced corticosteroid production. (18 Nov 1997) |
| corticosteroid | <drug, endocrinology, pharmacology> Any of the steroids elaborated by the adrenal cortex (excluding the sex hormones of adrenal origin) in response to the release of adrenocorticotrophin or adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) by the pituitary gland, to any of the synthetic equivalents of these steroids or to angiotensin II. They are divided, according to their predominant biological activity, into three major groups: glucocorticoids (e.g. Cortisol, cortisone), chiefly influencing carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism, mineralocorticoids (for example aldosterone), affecting the regulation of electrolyte and water balance and C19 androgens. Some corticosteroids exhibit both types of activity in varying degrees and others exert only one type of effect. The corticosteroids are used clinically for hormonal replacement therapy, for suppression of ACTH secretion by the anterior pituitary, as antineoplastic, antiallergic and anti-inflammatory agents and to suppress the immune response. Synonym: adrenocortical hormone, corticoid. (13 Nov 1997) |
| corticosteroid cream | <drug, pharmacology> This is a large group of trade name medications that contain an anti-inflammatory steroid. These cream based medications all contain either hydrocortisone in varying concentrations or a synthetic steroid with much greater potency. This type of medications is useful in the treatment of a large number of inflammatory rashes. Caution: higher potency creams can cause side effects. Examples include hydrocortisone, dexamethasone, flunisolide, fluocinonide, fluprednisolone, Aclovate, Alphatrex, Aristocort, Betatrex, Cortone, Diprolene, Valisone, Halog, Hytone, Kenalog, Lidex, Lotrisone, Synalar, Synemol, Topicort, Vytone, Westcort and Vioform. (27 Sep 1997) |
| corticosteroid side-chain-isomerase | <enzyme> Converts 11-deoxycorticosterone to 20-hydroxy-3-oxypregn-4-en-21-al; also acts as an epimerase at c-20 Registry number: EC 5.3.1.21 Synonym: corticosteroid side chain isomerase, ccsci (26 Jun 1999) |
| corticosteroid-binding globulin | <chemical> Chemical name: Transcortins (12 Dec 1998) |
| corticosteroid-binding protein | <chemical> Chemical name: Transcortins (12 Dec 1998) |
| corticosteroid-induced acne | The exacerbation of acne after corticosteroid use is a common drug reaction seen in adolescents. Lessening the dose of the corticosteroid will often diminish this effect. (27 Sep 1997) |
| corticosteroid-induced glaucoma | <ophthalmology> Glaucoma caused by a hereditary predisposition in which local instillation of eyedrops containing corticosteroid causes increased intraocular pressure. (05 Mar 2000) |
| corticosteroid-induced striae | <dermatology> High-dose glucocorticoid therapy causes atrophy of the skin and a failure of the normal regenerative process. Purple striae often develop over the individual's trunk or thighs. The colour fades when the drug is stopped, but the dermal atrophy remains. (27 Sep 1997) |
| corticosteroids | A group of synthetic hormones including prednisone, prednisolone, methylprednisolone and dexamethasone used in the treatment of some leukaemias and also to suppress graft rejection and graft-versus-host disease following bone marrow transplant. Side effects include an increased risk of infection. (13 Nov 1997) |
| corticosterone | <chemical> An adrenocortical steroid that has modest but significant activities as a mineralocorticoid and a glucocorticoid. Pharmacological action: steroidal anti-inflammatory agents. Chemical name: Pregn-4-ene-3,20-dione, 11,21-dihydroxy-, (11beta)- (12 Dec 1998) |
| corticosterone 15alpha-hydroxylase | <enzyme> Use of cytochrome p-450coh in which phe209 is replaced by asn gives the cytochrome p-450coh a high corticosterone 15alpha hydroxylase activity instead of a coumarin hydroxylase activity Registry number: EC 1.14.99.- Synonym: co 15-hydroxylase (26 Jun 1999) |
| corticothalamic | Pertaining to cortex and thalamus; the term is applied to fibres projecting from the cerebral cortex to the thalamus. (05 Mar 2000) |
| corticothalamic fibres | A general term designating nerve fibres originating from any area of the cerebral cortex and terminating in the nuclei of the thalamus. (05 Mar 2000) |
| corticospinal tract |
pyramidal tract: any of the important motor nerves on each side of the central nervous system that run from the sensorimotor areas of the cortex through the brainstem to motor neurons of the cranial nerve nuclei and the ventral horn of the spinal cord
출처: wordnet.princeton.edu/perl/webwn
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| corticosteroid |
a steroid hormone produced by the adrenal cortex or synthesized; administered as drugs they reduce swelling and decrease the body's immune response; "adrenal cortical steroids are used to treat many different conditions"
출처: wordnet.princeton.edu/perl/webwn
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| corticosterone |
secreted by the adrenal cortex; involved in regulating water and electrolyte balance in the body
출처: wordnet.princeton.edu/perl/webwn
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| corticotropin |
adrenocorticotropic hormone: a hormone produced by the anterior pituitary gland that stimulates the adrenal cortex
출처: wordnet.princeton.edu/perl/webwn
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| corticotropin-like intermediate lobe peptide |
(CLIP) a peptide with a sequence identical to the C-terminal 22 residues of adrenocorticotropic hormone, found in the intermediate lobe of the pituitary gland in lower animals; the function, if any, is unknown. It is also produced by human fetuses and may be a regulator of the fetal adrenal glands.
출처: www.mercksource.com/pp/us/cns/cns_hl_dorlands.jspz...
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