| FLASH | fast low angle shot; fluorescence in situ hybridization |
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| ISH | icteric serum hepatitis; in situ hybridization; internal self helper; International Society of Hemat... |
| OH | hydroxycorticosteroid; obstructive hypopnea; occipital horn; occupational health; occupational histo... |
| CFU | Colony Forming Unit |
| CFUe | erythroid Colony Forming Unit |
| receptors, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor | Receptors that bind and internalise the granulocyte-macrophage stimulating factor. Their mw is believed to be 84 kD. The most mature myelomonocytic cells, specifically human neutrophils, macrophages, and eosinophils, express the highest number of affinity receptors for this growth factor. (12 Dec 1998) |
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| receptors, macrophage colony-stimulating factor | Glycoproteins of mw 165 kD which are encoded by the c-fms proto-oncogene. The binding of csf-1 to its receptors activates an intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity resulting in autophosphorylation of the receptors on tyrosine, rapid receptor down-regulation, and phosphorylation of as yet unidentified physiologic substrates that initiate a mitogenic response. (12 Dec 1998) |
| Gheel colony | A colony in Gheel, Belgium, originating in the 13th century, for the informal communal care, in private homes, of severely mentally disordered persons. (05 Mar 2000) |
| granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor | <growth factor, haematology, oncology> A glycoprotein of 25 kD containing internal disulfide bonds. It induces the survival, proliferation, and differentiation of neutrophilic granulocyte precursor cells and functionally activates mature blood neutrophils. Among the family of colony-stimulating factors, G-CSF is the most potent inducer of terminal differentiation to granulocytes and macrophages of leukaemic myeloid cell lines. A protein that stimulates the growth and maturation of granulocytes. It is used to promote the recovery of the white cells following chemotherapy. See: colony-stimulating factor. Acronym: G-CSF (12 Dec 1998) |
| granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor | <growth factor, haematology, oncology> An acidic glycoprotein of mw 23 kD with internal disulfide bonds. It is produced in response to a number of inflammatory mediators by mesenchymal cells present in the haemopoietic environment and at peripheral sites of inflammation. It stimulates the production of neutrophilic granulocytes, macrophages, and mixed granulocyte-macrophage colonies from bone marrow cells and can stimulate the formation of eosinophil colonies from foetal liver progenitor cells. It also has some functional activities in mature granulocytes and macrophages. It is used to promote the recovery of the white blood cells following chemotherapy. Chemical name: Colony-stimulating factor 2 See: colony-stimulating factor. Acronym: GM-CSF (12 Dec 1998) |
| rough colony | A bacterial colony with a granular, flattened surface; this type of colony is usually associated with loss of virulence with respect to that of smooth colony's. (05 Mar 2000) |
| colony | <biology> A group of identical cells (clones) derived from a single parent cell. <cell culture> A clone of bacterial cells on a solid medium that is visible to the naked eye. (09 Oct 1997) |
| colony counter | A device which counts the number of colonies on an agar plate (a solid growth medium). (09 Oct 1997) |
| colony count, microbial | Enumeration by direct count of viable, isolated bacterial or fungal cells or spores capable of growth on solid culture media. Each colony (i.e., microbial colony-forming unit) represents the progeny of a single cell in the original inoculum. The method is used routinely by environmental microbiologists for quantifying organisms in air, food, and water; by clinicians for measuring patients' microbial load; and in antimicrobial drug testing. (12 Dec 1998) |
| colony-forming unit | <cell biology> An individual cell which is able to clone itself into an entire colony of identical cells. Irradiated mice can have their immune systems reconstituted by the injection of bone marrow cells from a nonirradiated animal. The injected cells form colonies in the spleen (hence s), each colony representing the progeny of a pluripotent stem cell. Operationally, therefore, the number of colony-forming units is a measure of the number of stem cells. Acronym: CFU (09 Oct 1997) |
| colony-forming units assay | A cytologic technique for measuring the functional capacity of stem cells by assaying their activity. (12 Dec 1998) |
| colony hybridisation | <molecular biology> A genetics lab technique used to identify which colonies of bacteria on an agar plate contain a particular sequence of DNA or a particular gene. The technique involves pressing a nylon or nitrocellulose membrane onto the plate so that each colony contributes a small smudge of itself to the membrane, then treating the membrane with chemicals and heat, then washing the membrane with a labelled probe to find the specific DNA sequence. The smudges which are indicated by the probe are then compared back to the colonies on the agar plate. This technique is often used in conjunction with experiments involving the making of genomic libraries. (09 Oct 1997) |
| colony-stimulating factor | <cell biology> A glycoprotein growth factor that regulates the differentiation of particular cells. These substances act in either paracrine or autocrine fashion on marrow cells, appear to act synergistically and can exert actions on several lines of progenitor cells, and influence end cell function. These lymphokines induce the maturation and proliferation of white blood cells from the primitive cell types present in bone marrow such as the leucocyte, macrophage and monocyte lines. These substances can also be made by recombinant DNA technology for use clinically to speed bone marrow recovery typically following chemotherapy. Acronym: CSF (18 Jul 2002) |
| mother colony | A colony which gives rise to a secondary colony (a daughter colony), the latter growing on the surface of the former; the mother colony is larger than the daughter colony, and the characteristics of the colony's may differ. (05 Mar 2000) |
| mucoid colony | A colony showing viscous or sticky growth typical of an organism producing large quantities of a carbohydrate capsule. (05 Mar 2000) |