| LLO | Legionella-like organism |
|---|---|
| MLO | mesiolinguo-occlusal; Mycoplasma-like organism |
| OID | optimal immunomodulating dose; Organism Identification Number; oxygen insufflation device |
| PO | by mouth, orally [Lat. per os]; parieto-occipital; parietal operculum; period of onset; perioperativ... |
| PPLO | pleuropneumonia-like organism |
| cloning, DNA | The use of DNA manipulation procedures to produce multiple copies of a single gene or segment of DNA. (12 Dec 1998) |
|---|---|
| cloning, molecular | The insertion of recombinant DNA molecules from prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic sources into a replicating vehicle, such as a plasmid or virus vector, and the introduction of the resultant hybrid molecules into recipient cells without altering the viability of those cells. (12 Dec 1998) |
| cloning vector | <molecular biology> A DNA molecule originating from a virus (plasmid vector), or the cell of a higher organism into which another DNA fragment of appropriate size can be integrated without loss of the vectors capacity for self- replication. Vectors introduce foreign DNA into host cells, where it can be reproduced in large quantities. They are also used to insert DNA from one cell type to another. Examples are plasmids, cosmids, and yeast artificial chromosomes, vectors are often recombinant molecules containing DNA sequences from several sources. Cloning vectors are usually designed to have convenient restriction sites that can be cut to generate sticky end to which the DNA that is to be cloned can be ligated easily. (12 Mar 1998) |
| molecular cloning | <molecular biology> The biological amplification of a specific DNA sequence through mitotic division of a host cell into which it has been transformed or transfected. (09 Oct 1997) |
| complementary DNA cloning | <molecular biology, technique> A lab technique where a double-stranded cDNA molecule (or dscDNA) is inserted into a cloning vector (another DNA molecule which will continue to be capable of replication after insertion of foreign material), so that the gene encoded by the cDNA can be expressed (transcribed and used) or so many copies of the gene can be made. (09 Oct 1997) |
| multiple cloning site | Region of a phage or plasmid vector that has been engineered to contain a series of restriction sites that are usually unique within the entire vector. This makes it particularly easy to insert or excise (subclone) DNA fragments. (18 Nov 1997) |
| positional cloning | Cloning a gene based simply on knowing its position in the genome without any idea of the function of that gene. Because this is the reverse of how things have been traditionally done, it has also been called reverse genetics. (12 Dec 1998) |
| self cloning | <molecular biology> Any system in which inappropriate cell types or organisms are eliminated because they possess some character that allows them to die or to remove themselves from the system. Thus a transfected cell with genetic material including a drug resistance marker will be self cloning in the presence of the drug and nontransfected cells will die. (18 Nov 1997) |
| dilution cloning | Cloning by diluting the cell suspension to the point at which the probability of there being more than one cell in the inoculum volume is small. Inevitably on quite a few occasions there will not be any cells. (18 Nov 1997) |
| directional cloning | DNA insert and vector molecules are digested with two different restriction enzymes to create noncomplementary sticky ends at either endof each restriction fragment. This allows the insert to be ligated tothe vector in a specific orientation and prevents the vector fromrecircularising. (09 Oct 1997) |
| DNA cloning | The use of DNA manipulation procedures to produce multiple copies of a single gene or segment of DNA. (12 Dec 1998) |
| expression cloning | <molecular biology> A vector that results in the expression of inserted DNA sequences when propagated in a suitable host cell, i.e. The protein coded for by the DNA is synthesised by the host's system. (06 Aug 1998) |