| CHC | chromosome condensation; community health center; community health computing; community health counc... |
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| chr | chromosome; chronic |
| CMGT | chromosome-mediated gene transfer |
| CMS | children's medical services; Christian Medical Society; chronic myelodysplastic syndrome; chromosome... |
| cs | chromosome; consciousness |
| FTDP-17 | Frontotemporal dementia and Parkinsonism linked to chromosome 17 |
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| FTDP-17 | Frontotemporal dementia with Parkinsonism linked to chromosome 17 |
| MAC | mammalian artificial chromosome |
| MMCT | Microcell-mediated chromosome transfer |
| MCM | Mini-chromosome maintenance |
| chromosome 9 | Trisomy 9 can be homogenous or mosaic. Microcephaly with dolichocephaly, enophthalmy and microretrognathia are present. Characteristic osteoarticular anomalies include dislocation of the hips, knees or elbows, deformities of the spinal cord and rib anomalies. Inner organ malformations involve cardiac, cerebral, renal and occasionally digestive anomalies. The prognosis is most severe. The 9p monosomy syndrome is characterised by trigonocephaly, long upper lip with undefined philtral borders, short nose, anteverted nares, psychomotor retardation, upward slant of palpebral fissures, dolichomesophalangy. Malformations are severe. The majority of the cases occur de novo, or can result from a parental translocation. 9p trisomy was the first partial trisomy identified before the use of banding techniques and is probably one of the most frequently detected. The majority of pure 9p trisomies occur de novo. In 9q trisomy and associated 9p trisomy, malsegregation of a parental rearrangement is always involved. Craniofacial dysmorphism includes brachycephaly, bulbous nose and short upper lip with a very characteristic asymmetric grin when the mouth opens. The knit brows, slanted palpebral fissures and mouth give a particularly distinctive worried look. The palms are long in comparison with the fingers. A single palmar crease is constant. Malformations are rare in cases of pure 9p trisomy but they are numerous and diverse in cases of associated 9p trisomy. Mental retardation is variable. Life expectancy is not impaired. Tetrasomy 9p is remarkable due to the infrequency of autosomal tetrasomies. The phenotype is variable and the facial dysmorphism can resemble that of 9p trisomy. Malformations are severe and numerous. Homogeneous tetrasomies lead to early death. Mosaicism appears to diminish the severity of the outlook. 9q32 trisomy shows dolichocephaly, deep set eyes with short palpebral fissures, large poorly folded ears, beaked nose, marked microretrognathia, long abnormally implanted fingers and toes and severe developmental delay. Inner organ malformations involve the heart. The trisomy results from a tandem duplication arising de novo or from malsegregation of a parental rearrangement. Interstitial deletion 9q22-q32 is reported with multiple congenital anomalies. The phenotype of ring chromosome 9 is variable and the principal features of 9p monosomy can be observed, as well as certain malformations seen in trisomy 9. Some major genes on chromosome 9 are those for the ABO blood group, fibroblast and leukocyte interferons, familial dysautonomia, Friedreich ataxia, nail-patella syndrome and galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase, whose deficiency causes galactosaemia. (05 Mar 2000) |
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| chromosome aberration | Any deviation from the normal number or morphology of chromosomes; also the phenotypic consequences thereof. (05 Mar 2000) |
| chromosome aberrations | Deviations from the normal number or structure of chromosomes, not necessarily associated with disease. (12 Dec 1998) |
| chromosome abnormalities | Defects in the structure or number of chromosomes resulting in structural aberrations or manifesting as disease. (12 Dec 1998) |
| chromosome band | A region of darker or contrasting staining across the width of a chromosome; the pattern of band's is characteristic for most chromosomes. (05 Mar 2000) |
| chromosome banding | Staining of bands, or chromosome segments, allowing the precise identification of individual chromosomes or parts of chromosomes. Applications include the determination of chromosome rearrangements in malformation syndromes and cancer, the chemistry of chromosome segments, chromosome changes during evolution, and, in conjunction with cell hybridization studies, chromosome mapping. (12 Dec 1998) |
| chromosome breakage | A type of chromosomal aberration which may result from spontaneous or induced breakage. Alkylating agents, various types of irradiation, and chemical mutagens have been found to cause induced chromosomal breakage. Breakage can induce base pair translocations, deletions, or chromatid breakage. (12 Dec 1998) |
| chromosome complement | The whole set of chromosomes for the species. In humans, the chromosome complement (which is also called the karyotype) consists of 46 chromosomes. (12 Dec 1998) |
| chromosome condensation | <cell biology> The tight packing of DNA into chromosomes in metaphase, in preparation for cell division. (18 Nov 1997) |
| chromosome deletion | Actual loss of a portion of the chromosome. (12 Dec 1998) |
| chromosome disorder | An abnormal condition due to an abnormality of the chromosomes. For example, Down syndrome (the genetic abnormality featuring three chromosome 21s, instead of two, also refered to as trisomy 21) is a chromosome disorder. (12 Dec 1998) |
| chromosome fragile sites | Heritable sensitive regions of chromosomes which show up in vitro as non-staining bands. They are associated with chromosome breakage and other aberrations, and, when located on sex chromosomes, they produce phenotypic abnormalities. No abnormal phenotype has been definitely identified with autosomal fragile sites, but some rare autosomal recessive disorders may be due to homozygosity for fragile sites. Fragile sites are designated by the letters "fra" followed by the designation for the specific chromosome and locus. (12 Dec 1998) |
| chromosome map | The chart of the linear array of genes on a chromosome. The Human Genome Project aims to map all of the human chromosomes. (12 Dec 1998) |
| chromosome mapping | The mapping of the relative locations of genes on a chromosome by analysing linkage frequencies (how often different genes are inherited together) and crossover frequencies (how often different combinations of three or more genes are inherited) or recombination frequencies. (09 Oct 1997) |
| chromosome mosaicism | See: mosaic. (05 Mar 2000) |
| mitochondrial chromosome | The DNA component of mitochondria, the chief function of which is synthesis of adenosine triphosphate and the management of cellular energy; the chromosome contains some 16,000 base pairs arranged in a circle. The inheritance is matrilineal, and the mutation rate is unusually high; since each cell contains thousands of copies a mutant form may assume an almost continuous gradation as in a galtonian process. Most of the mutations known have their impact on the respiratory chain. (05 Mar 2000) |
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| monocentric chromosome | <genetics, molecular biology> Chromosome with a single centromere, i.e. most chromosomes. (18 Nov 1997) |
| w chromosome | <genetics> A sex chromosome found in all birds and certain other animals where the female is the heterogametic sex. The W chromosome causes the individual to become female in bird species. It is part of the WZ set of sex chromosomes, where the female has one W chromosome and one Z chromosome, and the male has two Z chromosomes. (09 Oct 1997) |
| polytene chromosome | <cell biology> Giant chromosomes produced by the successive replication of homologous pairs of chromosomes, joined together (synapsed) without chromosome separation or nuclear division. They thus consist of many up to 1000) identical chromosomes (strictly chromatids) running parallel and in strict register. The chromosomes remain visible during interphase and are found in some ciliates, ovule cells in angiosperms and in larval Dipteran tissue. The best known polytene chromosomes are those of the salivary gland of the larvae of Drosophila melanogaster which appear as a series of dense bands interspersed by light interbands, in a pattern characteristic for each chromosome. The bands, of which there are about 5,000 in Drosophila melanogaster, contain most of the DNA (ca 95%) of the chromosomes and each band roughly represents one gene. The banding pattern of polytene chromosomes provides a visible map to compare with the linkage map determined by genetic studies. Some segments of polytene chromosome show chromosome puffs, areas of high transcription. (18 Nov 1997) |
| harlequin chromosome | <cell biology> A chromosome which, when stained, produces a banded pattern of alternating light and dark segments (also called a harlequin pattern). It is made by treating a cell with 5'-bromodeoxyuridine, the chemical incorporates into the cells DNA and when stained is lighter than the DNA around it. (09 Oct 1997) |
| heterotypical chromosome | <genetics> One or more chromosomes that can be distinguished from autosomes by their morphology and behaviour. Synonym: accessory chromosome, heterochromosome, sex chromosome. (18 Nov 1997) |
| X chromosome | <genetics> A sex chromosome. In mammals paired in females (XX), in amphibia paired in males. (11 May 1997) |
| homologous chromosome | <genetics> A pair of chromosomes containing the same linear gene sequences, each derived from one parent. The chromosomes tend to pair or synapse during mitosis. (14 Oct 1997) |
| sex chromosome | <genetics> Chromosome that determines the sex of an animal. In humans, where the two sex chromosomes (X and Y) are dissimilar, the female has two X chromosomes and the male is heterogametic (XY). <zoology> In birds, the opposite is the case, the male being XX and the female XY, in many organisms, there is only one sex chromosome and one sex is XX, the other X0. A portion of the X and Y chromosomes is similar and is known as the pseudoautosomal region. (14 Oct 1997) |
| sex chromosome imbalance | Any abnormal pattern of sex chromosomes; e.g., XXY in men with seminiferous tubule dysgenesis, XO in women with Turner's syndrome; rarer patterns of imbalance are XXX, XXXY, and XYY. See: isochromosome. (05 Mar 2000) |
| submetacentric chromosome | A chromosome with the centromere so placed that it divides the chromosome into two arms of strikingly unequal length. (05 Mar 2000) |
| nucleolar chromosome | A chromosome regularly associated with a nucleolus. (05 Mar 2000) |
| derivative chromosome | An anomalous chromosome generated by translocation. Synonym: translocation chromosome. (05 Mar 2000) |
| dicentric chromosome | <cell biology> A chromosome with two centromeres instead of the normal one. Such an oddity can form if chromosomes break and then the fragments re-fuse with one another in a different combination than before they broke. (09 Oct 1997) |
| quinacrine chromosome banding stain | q-banding stain |
Synonyms : Chromosome Fragile Site, Fragile Site, Chromosome, Site, Chromosome Fragile, Sites, Chromosome Fragile
Synonyms : Chromosomal Fragility, Fragility, Chromosomal, Fragility, Chromosome
Synonyms : Genome Mapping, Chromosome Mappings, Gene Mappings, Genome Mappings, Linkage Mappings, Mapping, Chromosome, Mapping, Gene, Mapping, Genome, Mapping, Linkage, Mappings, Chromosome, Mappings, Gene, Mappings, Genome, Mappings, Linkage
Synonyms : Chromosome Paintings, Painting, Chromosome, Paintings, Chromosome
Synonyms : Synapsis, Chromosomal, Chromosomal Synapsis, Chromosome Pairings
| chromosome |
(Gr. chroma, colour + soma, body) 1. A single DNA molecule, a tightly coiled strand of DNA, condensed into a compact structure in vivo by complexing with accessory histones or histone-like proteins.
출처: www.fao.org/docrep/003/X3910E/X3910E06.htm
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| chromosome banding |
Staining of chromosomes in such a way that light and dark areas occur along the length of the chromosomes in repeatable patterns. Lateral comparisons identify pairs. Each chromosome can be identified by its banding pattern.
출처: www.fao.org/docrep/003/X3910E/X3910E06.htm
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| chromosome walking |
A technique that identifies overlapping cloned DNA fragments that form one continuous segment of a chromosome. These fragments can be generated either by random shearing or by partial digestion with a four-base-pair cutter such as Sau3A. A series of colony hybridizations is then carried out, starting with some cloned fragment which has already been identified and which is known to be in the region encompassed by the overlapping clones. ...
출처: www.fao.org/docrep/003/X3910E/X3910E06.htm
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| chromosome aberration |
Abnormal structure or number of chromosomes; includes deficiency, duplication, inversion, translocation, aneuploidy, polyploidy, or any other change from the normal pattern.
출처: www.fao.org/docrep/003/X3910E/X3910E06.htm
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| chromosome |
Long strands of DNA on which genes are found. Each human cell has 46 chromosomes in 23 pairs. One member of each pair is inherited from the mother, the other from the father.
출처: https://www5.nationalgeographic.com/genographic/gl...
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