| central bone of ankle | A bone of the tarsus on the medial side of the foot articulating with the head of the talus, the three cuneiform bones, and occasionally the cuboid. Synonym: os naviculare, central bone of ankle, os centrale tarsi. (05 Mar 2000) |
|---|---|
| central bradycardia | Bradycardia due to disease of the central nervous system, usually with increased intracranial pressure. (05 Mar 2000) |
| central callus | The callus within the medullary cavity of a fractured bone. Synonym: medullary callus. (05 Mar 2000) |
| central canal | The ependyma-lined lumen (cavity) of the neural tube, the cerebral part of which remains patent to form the ventricles of the brain, while the spinal part in the adult often is reduced to a solid strand of modified ependyma. Synonym: canalis centralis medullae spinalis, central canal of spinal cord, tubus medullaris. Synonym: syringocele. (05 Mar 2000) |
| central canal of spinal cord | The ependyma-lined lumen (cavity) of the neural tube, the cerebral part of which remains patent to form the ventricles of the brain, while the spinal part in the adult often is reduced to a solid strand of modified ependyma. Synonym: canalis centralis medullae spinalis, central canal of spinal cord, tubus medullaris. Synonym: syringocele. (05 Mar 2000) |
| central canal of the vitreous | A minute canal running through the vitreous from the discus nervi optici to the lens, containing in foetal life a prolongation of the central artery of the retina, the hyaloid artery. See: vitreous, hyaloid artery. Synonym: canalis hyaloideus, central canal of the vitreous, Cloquet's canal, Stilling's canal. (05 Mar 2000) |
| central canals of cochlea | Centrally placed channels that convey vessels and nerves to the apical turns of the cochlea. Synonym: canales longitudinales modioli, central canals of cochlea. (05 Mar 2000) |
| central cataract | Congenital cataract limited to the embryonic nucleus. (05 Mar 2000) |
| central cementifying fibroma | <tumour> A microscopic variant of a central ossifying fibroma. (05 Mar 2000) |
| central complex | In an enzyme-catalyzed reaction, the structural complex of the enzyme and all of the enzyme's substrates (or the enzyme with all of the enzyme's products) equivalent to the binary complex for a one-substrate enzyme. Compare: binary complex, Michaelis complex. (05 Mar 2000) |
| central cord syndrome | <syndrome> Quadriparesis most severely involving the distal upper extremities, with or without sensory loss and bladder dysfunction, usually due to ischemia from osteophytic or traumatic compression of the central part of the cervical spinal cord and/or artery. (05 Mar 2000) |
| central core disease | A congenital myopathy characterised by hypotonia, delay of motor development in infancy, and nonprogressive or slowly progressive muscle weakness; on biopsy the central core of muscle fibres stains abnormally, myofibrils are abnormally compact, and there is virtual absence of mitochondria and sarcoplasmic reticulum; histochemically, the cores are devoid of oxidative enzyme, phosphorylase, and ATPase activity; autosomal dominant inheritance, often subclinical. (05 Mar 2000) |
| central core disease of muscle | <neurology> One of the conditions that produces floppy baby syndrome. It causes hypotonia (floppiness) in the newborn baby, slowly progressive muscle weakness, and muscle cramps after exercise. Muscle biopsy shows a key diagnostic finding (absent mitochondria in the centre of many type I muscle fibres). The disease is inherited as a dominant trait. The CCD gene is on chromosome 19 (and involves ryanodine receptor-1). Inheritance: autosomal dominant. (12 Dec 1998) |
| central deafness | Deafness due to disorder of the auditory system of the brainstem or cerebral cortex. (05 Mar 2000) |
| central dogma | <molecular biology> The main principle of molecular biology, coined by Francis Crick, which states that genetic information flows from DNA to RNA to protein. (09 Oct 1997) |
| muscle relaxants, central | A heterogeneous group of drugs used to produce muscle relaxation, excepting the neuromuscular blocking agents. They have their primary clinical and therapeutic uses in the treatment of muscle spasm and immobility associated with strains, sprains, and injuries of the back and, to a lesser degree, injuries to the neck. They have been used also for the treatment of a variety of clinical conditions that have in common only the presence of skeletal muscle hyperactivity, for example, the muscle spasms that can occur in multiple sclerosis. (12 Dec 1998) |
|---|---|
| myelinolysis, central pontine | A form of massive demyelination of the pons occurring in malnutrition and alcoholism. The remarkable unsystematic dissolution of the sheaths of medullated fibres is its most certain feature. The lesion varies from only a few millimeters in diameter to almost the entire pons. The basic pathology is the destruction of the medullated sheaths throughout the lesions with relative sparing of the axis cylinders and intactness of the nerve cells of the pontine nuclei. Pathologically it is easily differentiated from infarction and the inflammatory demyelinations of multiple sclerosis and postinfectious encephalomyelitis. There does not appear to be a genetic, sex, or age factor. It is often, however, associated with some other serious disease, particularly chronic alcoholism. (adams & victor, principles of neurology, 2d ed, p720) (12 Dec 1998) |
| posterior central convolution | The anterior convolution of the parietal lobe, bounded in front by the central sulcus (fissure of Rolando) and posteriorly by the interparietal sulcus. Synonym: gyrus postcentralis, ascending parietal convolution, ascending parietal gyrus, posterior central convolution, posterior central gyrus. (05 Mar 2000) |
| posterior central gyrus | The anterior convolution of the parietal lobe, bounded in front by the central sulcus (fissure of Rolando) and posteriorly by the interparietal sulcus. Synonym: gyrus postcentralis, ascending parietal convolution, ascending parietal gyrus, posterior central convolution, posterior central gyrus. (05 Mar 2000) |
| posterolateral central arteries | The circumflex mesencephalic branches, several small branches of the postcommunical part of the posterior cerebral artery distributed to the lateral posterior part of the midbrain. Synonym: arteriae centrales posterolaterales. (05 Mar 2000) |
| posteromedial central arteries | The interpeduncular perforating branches, several small branches from the precommunical part of the posterior cerebral artery supplying the posterior medial part of the midbrain. Synonym: arteriae centrales posteromediales. (05 Mar 2000) |
| hearing loss, central | Hearing loss due to central nervous system disease, anywhere in the auditory pathways from the cochlear nucleus of the pons to the auditory cortex. (12 Dec 1998) |
| short central artery | <anatomy, artery> A branch of the precommunical part of the anterior cerebral artery. Synonym: arteria centralis brevis. (05 Mar 2000) |
| simple-central anisocoria | A common (20% of normals) benign inequality of the pupils that may change from one hour to the next. Synonym: essential anisocoria, physiologic anisocoria, simple-central anisocoria. (05 Mar 2000) |
| neuro-central | <anatomy> Between the neural arch and the centrum of a vertebra; as, the neurocentral suture. Source: Websters Dictionary (01 Mar 1998) |
| superior central tegmental nucleus | Collections of small neurons centrally scattered among many fibres from the level of the trochlear nucleus in the midbrain to the hypoglossal area in the medulla oblongata. (12 Dec 1998) |
| disease, central core, of muscle | <anatomy> One of the conditions that produces 'floppy baby' syndrome. CCD causes hypotonia (floppiness) in the newborn baby, slowly progressive muscle weakness, and muscle cramps after exercise. Muscle biopsy shows a key diagnostic finding (absent mitochondria in the centre of many type I muscle fibres). CCD is inherited as a dominant trait. The CCD gene is on chromosome 19 (and involves ryanodine receptor-1). (12 Dec 1998) |
| indians, central american | An ethnic group belonging to the mongoloid racial stock in central america. This does not include mexican indians. (12 Dec 1998) |
| lateral central palmar space | The more lateral (radial) of the central palmar spaces, bounded laterally by the thenar compartment; related distally to the synovial tendon sheath of the index finger and proximally to the common flexor sheath. Synonym: lateral midpalmar space. (05 Mar 2000) |
| free-central | A placentation in which the ovules are borne on a free-standing central placenta within the ovary. (09 Oct 1997) |