| cellular pathology | The interpretation of diseases in terms of cellular alterations, i.e., the ways in which cells fail to maintain homeostasis, sometimes used as a synonym for cytopathology. (05 Mar 2000) |
|---|---|
| cellular polyp | A polyp that consists of benign neoplastic tissue derived from glandular epithelium. Synonym: cellular polyp, polypoid adenoma. (05 Mar 2000) |
| cellular respiration | <biochemistry> The conversion within the cell of nutrients (such as sugar molecules) into chemical energy in the form of ATP, by reacting the food with oxygen (O2) until the food has completely been degraded into carbon dioxide and H2O. (09 Oct 1997) |
| cellular retinoic acid binding protein | <protein> A cytoplasmic fatty acid binding protein that acts as an initial receptor for the putative morphogen, retinoic acid. (18 Nov 1997) |
| cellular slime mould | See: Acrasidae. (18 Nov 1997) |
| cellular tumour | A tumour composed mainly of closely packed cells. (05 Mar 2000) |
| immunity, cellular | Those manifestations of the immune response which are mediated by antigen-sensitised T-lymphocytes via lymphokines or direct cytotoxicity. This takes place in the absence of circulating antibody or where antibody plays a subordinate role. (12 Dec 1998) |
| recessive oncogene | <molecular biology> A single copy of this gene issufficient to suppress cell proliferation, the loss of both copies of the gene contributes to cancer formation. (09 Oct 1997) |
| viral oncogene | <molecular biology> A viral gene that contributes to cancer development in vertebrate hosts. (09 Oct 1997) |
| c-oncogene | <molecular biology> A normal gene which has a tumour-producing insert that may have originated from a virus in it, turning it into a proto-oncogene. When these genes are sufficiently mutated, amplified, or over-expressed (transcribed too many times), they can begin to produce cancers. (05 Jan 1998) |
| proto-oncogene | <molecular biology> The normal, cellular equivalent of an oncogene, thus usually a gene involved in the signalling or regulation of cell growth. In general, cellular proto-oncogenes are prefixed with a c, rather than their abnormal viral counterparts, that are prefixed with a v, for example c myc and v myc. They are fragments of DNA, related to oncogenes but are the normal switches used to control growth and tissue repair. (06 Oct 1997) |
| proto-oncogene protein p21(ras) | Cellular protein encoded by the c-ras genes. The protein has GTPase activity and is involved in transmembrane signal transduction as a guanine nucleotide binding protein. Elevated levels of p21 c-ras have been associated with neoplasia. (12 Dec 1998) |
| proto-oncogene protein pp60(c-src) | <enzyme> Membrane-associated tyrosine-specific kinase encoded by the c-src genes. It has an important role in cellular growth control. Truncation of carboxy-terminal residues in pp60(c-src) leads to pp60(v-src) which has the ability to transform cells. This kinase pp60 c-src should not be confused with csk, also known as c-src kinase. Registry number: EC 2.7.1.- (12 Dec 1998) |
| proto-oncogene proteins | Products of proto-oncogenes. Normally they do not have oncogenic or transforming properties, but are involved in the regulation or differentiation of cell growth. They often have protein kinase activity. (12 Dec 1998) |
| proto-oncogene proteins c-abl | Membrane proteins encoded by the c-abl genes. They exhibit tyrosine kinase activity and play a role in normal haematopoiesis especially of the myeloid lineage. Oncogenic transformation of c-abl arises when specific n-terminal amino acids are deleted, releasing the kinase from negative regulation. (12 Dec 1998) |